<p>The Fenway Studios are artists&#39; studios located at 30 Ipswich Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The studios were built after a disastrous 1904 fire at Harcourt Studios in which many artists lost their homes, studios, and work. Business and civic leaders promptly acquired the land, hired architects, and began construction. Architects Parker and Thomas designed Fenway Studios with north light for all 46 studios, 12 foot windows, 14 foot ceilings, and fireplaces in the end studios. The exterior was built with clinker brick in the Arts and Crafts style. In 1905 artists returned. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998 as the only artist studio building specifically designed with input from artists that is still in use for that purpose.</p><br>
<p>Numerous Boston artists and teachers worked in the studios, including Marion B. Allen, Lila Perry Cabot, Joseph Decamp, Philip Hale, Lillian Wescot Hale, Charles Hopkinson, György Kepes, George Loftus Noyes, William Kaula, Lee Lufkin Kaula, Lillian and Leslie Prince Thompson, William Paxton, Marion L. Pooke, Edmund Charles Tarbell, and Mary Bradish Titcomb.</p><br>
<p>By 1974 ownership shares had passed to heirs, the studios were not being maintained, and they owed nearly $200,000 in back taxes. The "Artists for the Preservation of the Fenway Studios" was formed to save the studios, and in 1981 a mortgage paid for back taxes and building improvements. In 1982, after renovations were completed, the studios were converted into an early limited-equity cooperative. In 1998 façade structural issues were discovered, requiring emergency repairs costing $1.6 million, which required additional fund raising through the Friends of Fenway Studios. As of 2007, the studios are currently home to 25 artists working in a wide range of media.Image:Fenway Studios Façade 29Jan2008.jpgFront façade as photographed from across the street</p><br>
<p>The Tsitsikamma mountains form an east-west mountain range located in the Garden Route region of the southern South African coast in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces. Tsitsikamma means place of much water in the Khoekhoe language.</p><br>
<h2>Physiography</h2><br>
<p>The Tsitsikamma Range stretches just over 80 km from the Keurbooms River in the west just north of Plettenberg Bay, to Kareedouw Pass and the Eerste River in the east near the town of Kareedouw, and forms a continuous range with the Outeniqua Mountains to the west. The range consists almost exclusively of Table Mountain sandstone which is extremely erosion-resistant. Peak Formosa is the highest point in the range at 1675 m. The climate of the range is extremely mild, with temperature variations only between 10 °C and 25 °C generally and rainfall exceeding 1000 mm per annum, thus the region supports verdant fynbos and Afromontane temperate gallery forest habitats. Snow sometimes occurs on the highest peaks in winter.</p><br>
<p>The topography of the mountains is interesting, in that the range rises abruptly from the south at a very defined line that runs almost due east-west at the 34° south latitude. This is due to the very regular nature of the rise of the Table Mountain Sandstone in an anticline fold structure above the grade of the surrounding Tsitsikamma coastal plateau.</p><br>
<h2>The Region</h2><br>
<p>The Tsitsikamma National Park lies just to the south of the range on the Indian Ocean. The region between the range and the ocean also bears the name Tsitsikamma and is characterised by some cattle farms, sparse settlements and dense Afromontane (Temperate) gallery forest. This region sits on a 200m high plateau between the mountains and steep cliffs which drop into the Indian Ocean. Bloukrans Bridge is on the border between the Eastern and Western Cape provinces, and sports the highest bungee jump in the world.</p><br>
<p>Du Toits Peak  is the highest seaward facing peak in the Cape Fold Belt ranges, i.e. the highest peak in the Western Cape within direct sight of the ocean. Located between Paarl and Worcester in the south-west of South Africa, 70 km to the north-east of the provincial capital of Cape Town. The mountains form a formidable barrier between Cape Town and the rest of Africa on the N1 highway, also called the Cape to Cairo Road. This section is called the Du Toitskloof Pass. The old route culminates at 820 m, however, the new Huguenot Tunnel, of 4.4 km in length, cuts out the old mountain pass.</p><br>
<p>The range mostly consists of Table Mountain sandstone, an erosion-resistant quatzitic sandstone. Vegetation is almost exclusively montane fynbos of the Cape floristic region. The rest of the mountains are barren rocks and steep cliffs. Precipitation occurs primarily in the winter months as rain on the lower slopes and as snow higher up, usually above 1000m. Climate varies dramatically, with the surrounding valleys being up to 10°C (18°F) warmer than the mountains. The climate falls within the Mediterranean type. The mountains form part of the Cape Syntaxis, a complex portion of the Cape Fold Belt where the north-south trending ranges meet in the east-west trending ranges in a complex series of folds, thrusts and fault-lines.</p><br>
<p>The Hex River Mountains  make up the second highest mountain range in the Western Cape province of South Africa and are located 120 kilometres  north-east of Cape Town. They form part of a large anticline in the Cape Fold Belt mountain system and form a north-east, south-west trending mountain system forming the core of the Cape Syntaxis between the towns of Worcester and De Doorns. They are mostly composed of Table Mountain sandstone and most peaks reach 2,000 metres  in height or more. The highest mountain is Matroosberg at 2,249 metres , making it the second tallest peak in the province after Seweweekspoort Peak in the Swartberg Mountain Range.</p><br>
<p>The vegetation is primarily montane fynbos and the mountains fall within the Capes Mediterranean climate. The mountains provide some rudimentary snow-skiing opportunities in winter, with the Western Capes heaviest snowfalls occurring in and around these ranges. The surrounding valleys support intensive deciduous fruit cultivation, mostly in the form of cherries and table grapes.</p><br>
<p>Block streams and terraces found in the near the summit of Matroosberg evidences past periglacial activity, which occurred likely during the Last Glacial Maximum.</p><br>
<p>Grandview Drive  is a two and a half mile scenic road with adjacent park areas through Peoria and Peoria Heights, Illinois. Major portions of the road give a view of the Illinois River and its valley as well as clear views of some of the most prestigious and historic homes in the area. Houses along Grandview Drive are among the best known in the city; the residential area on the west of Grandview Drive, opposite the river, was added to the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district in 1996. A large amount of land on the valley side of Grandview Drive is owned by the Peoria Park District and is undeveloped except for park benches. The districts legal name, "Pleasure Driveway and Park District of Peoria", is a reflection of Grandview Drives original prominence in the Peoria park system. Of particular note, the drive is said to have been one of the first "linear parks" of its time.</p><br>
<p>President Theodore Roosevelt is said to have proclaimed it the "Worlds Most Beautiful Drive" during a 1910 visit. Grandview Drive was the original location of WMBD (AM); although the WMBD callsign was assigned in FCC sequence, the callsign is associated with Roosevelts comment.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Grandview drive stretches from Prospect Road to Illinois Route 29, and is a winding road with several sight-seeing areas. Along the road is the Peoria Country Club, which includes a golf course and tennis courts. There is also a large park, known as Grandview Park.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district boundaries</h2><br>
<p>The National Register of Historic Places boundary for The Grand View Drive Historic District is "roughly bounded by Prospect Road in the north, the Illinois River bluffs, Adams Street in the south and the Grand View Drive W. right of way". However, this description appears to be contradictory, as Grandview Drive runs between Prospect Road and Adams Street (Illinois Route 29), and the description appears to give no northern boundary.</p><br>
<p>It is near the birthplace of the first gasoline-powered car in America, the Duryea automobile, built in 1893 by Charles Duryea.</p><br>
<p>River Sarada is a medium-sized river in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India.</p><br>
<p>The geographic coordinates of the river are north latitude 17 25 to 18 17 and east longitude of 82 32 to 83 06.</p><br>
<p>The catchment area of the basin is 2,665 square kilometers. It rises at an elevation of 1,000 meters in the Eastern Ghats.</p><br>
<p>It runs eastwards for a distance 122 kilometers and joins the Bay of Bengal.</p><br>
<p>The basin is surrounded by River Nagavali in the north,</p><br>
<p>River Gosthani, Gambiramgedda, Megadrigedda in the east</p><br>
<p>Bay of Bengal in the South and</p><br>
<p>Machhkund sub-basin of the River Godavari in the west.</p><br>
<p>Visakhapatnam is the major city in the basin.</p><br>
<p>Yelamanchili and Anakapalli are important towns in the basin.</p><br>
<h2>Historical Importance</h2><br>
<p>The famous Bojjannakonda and Lingalakonda Buddhist cave monastery remains near Anakapalli and The Kotturu Dhanadibbalu near Gokivada forest entrance are located on the left bank of the river.</p><br>
<p>The River Sarada is a major base for irrigation in Visakha district.</p><br>
<h2>Irrigation Projects</h2><br>
<p>Pedderu medium irrigation project is constructed on Pedderu a tributary of the Sarada river near Ravipalem village. The project is aimed to irrigate 13,334 acre in the Madugula and Ravikamatham mandals in Visakhapatnam district. The catchment area of the reservoir site is extended over 160 square kilometers.</p><br>
<p>An Anacatta with two big gates,was constructed on the river near Gokivada village to utilise the maximum water for irrigation in Yellamanchili, Ramballi, Atchutapuram mandals.</p><br>
<p>Raiwada dam with 93 million cubic meters live storage capacity was constructed in the year 1981 for supplying irrigation water.</p><br>
<p>Bellingham Bay is a bay of the Salish Sea located in Washington State in the United States. It is separated from the Strait of Georgia on the west by the Lummi Peninsula, Portage Island, and Lummi Island. It is bordered on the east by Bellingham, Washington, to the south-east by the Chuckanut Mountains, and to the south by Samish Bay. The Nooksack River empties into the bay, as does Whatcom Creek.</p><br>
<p>Bellingham Bay is named for Sir William Bellingham, who was controller of the storekeeper&#39;s account for the Royal Navy at the time that the Vancouver Expedition visited the bay in June 1792. The first European entry of the bay was by the Spanish schooner Santa Saturnina under José María Narváez, during the 1791 expedition of Francisco de Eliza. Narváez named it Seno Gaston.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<h3>Events</h3><br>
<p>Bellingham, Washington holds a run and walk marathon along the Bellingham Bay. There are three marathon races to choose from including a full marathon, half marathon, 10k, and/or 5k. Bellingham Bay Marathon, BBM, is a Boston marathon qualifier. Furthermore, all BBM courses are USATF-certified. The Bellingham Bay marathon was founded in 2003 by the Bellingham Bay Swim Team. In addition, 100% of net proceeds benefit Whatcom County youth non-profit organizations.</p><br>
<h2>Bay Clean-up</h2><br>
<h3>Demonstration Pilot</h3><br>
<p>In 1996, federal, state, tribal, and local governments came together to form the Bellingham Bay Demonstration Pilot team. The mission of the pilot team was to develop an approach to clean up contamination, control pollution sources and restore habitat among the Bay. In addition, they put into consideration the land and water uses at state cleanup sites around Bellingham Bay. The pilot team is co-managed by the Department of Ecology and Port of Bellingham, with Ecology as the lead agency for the pilot program.The pilot team is carrying out the strategy for 12 priority sites around the bay, in the future. Furthermore, In early 2013, Ecology revised its Sediment Management Standards to establish a new framework for identification and cleanup of contaminated sediment sites.</p><br>
<p>River Vamsadhara is an important east flowing river between Rushikulya and Godavari, in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh states in India.</p><br>
<p>The river originates in the border of Thuamul Rampur in the Kalahandi district and Kalyansinghpur in Rayagada district of Odisha and runs for a distance of about 254 kilometers, where it joins the Bay of Bengal at Kalingapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The total catchement area of the river basin is about 10,830 square kilometers.</p><br>
<p>Tourist attractions of Mukhalingam and Kalingapatnam in Srikakulam district are located on the banks of this river.</p><br>
<p>Mahendra Tanayais a major tributary river of Vamsadhara originating in Gajapati district of Odisha and it joins Vamsadhara in Andhra Pradesh upstream of Gotta barrage. Regulapadu barrage in Andhra Pradesh is under construction to divert the river water for irrigation use.</p><br>
<h2>Interstate aspects</h2><br>
<p>Vamsadhara river basin occupies 8015 square kilometers in Odisha and the remaining 2815 km flows in Andhra Pradesh. The river basin receives high annual average rainfall of magnitude 1400 mm. The portion lying in Rayagada district of Odisha is predominantly hilly and tribal populated area. Andhra Pradesh and Odisha roughly estimated that 115 thousand million cubic feet (TMC) water is available for use in the river. They entered into agreements to use the available river water in 50:50 ratio. Andhra Pradesh has taken up Gotta barrage and Neredi barrage projects to put its share of water for use. However Odisha has not taken up new projects in the basin area to utilize its share of water. In fact it is diverting Vamsadhara river waters to adjacent Rushikulya river basin by constructing Harabhangi dam without taking prior consent from Andhra Pradesh. Also, Orissa has raised objections to Neredi barrage project on the grounds of land submergence in its territory.</p><br>
<p>Approximately 25% of the available water in this basin is being utilized during the monsoon season by constructing barrages across the river. Reservoirs up to 100 thousand million cubic feet water storage capacity are to be constructed for the non-monsoon period irrigation requirements, by which 100% water utilization can be achieved. Peculiar situation of this river is that most of the land to be irrigated is located in Andhra Pradesh while the possible storage reservoirs are located in Odisha. Recently, the Vamsadhara River water disputes tribunal was constituted under Interstate River Water Disputes Act to resolve river water sharing issues between the two states. Justice Mukundakam Sharma is the chairman of Vamsadhara Water Dispute Tribunal.</p><br>
<h2>The Vamsadhara Project</h2><br>
<p>Boddepalli Rajagopala Rao Project was constructed on Vamsadhara river.</p><br>
<p>Vamsadhara is the main river of North Eastern Andhra. The North Eastern Andhra region consists of three North Eastern Coastal districts in Andhra Pradesh state in India. Vamsadhara project is designed to meet the irrigation needs of North Eastern Coastal Andhra.</p><br>
<p>The Vamsadhara project has two canals viz., the left main canal (LMC), irrigating about 148,000 acre, and the right main canal (RMC) covering an ayacut of 62,280 acre. The left main canal was completed long back. The right main canal was delayed due to various reasons. Gotta Reservoir feeds the right main canal. About 166 villages in seven mandals viz., L.N. Peta, Hiramandalam, Burja, Amadalavalasa, Gara, Sarubujjili and Srikakulam will be benefited from the RMC.</p><br>
<h2>Lower Vamsadhara Project</h2><br>
<p>The Lower Vamsadhara project envisages construction of 58m high & 1700m long dam across the vamsadhara river near Minajhola village (near 19&deg;31&prime;00&Prime;N latitude, 83&deg;44&prime;30&Prime;E longitude ) in Rayagada district creating hydraulic head of nearly 62 meters. This project would be a multipurpose project serving power generation, irrigation and flood control.</p><br>
<h2>Vamsadhara and Nagavali link canal</h2><br>
<p>A 30 km long gravity canal is planned to link the Vamsadhara and Nagavali Rivers. It will run from Hiramandalam reservoir to Narayanapuram barrage near Amudalavalasa and bring an additional 50,000 acres of ayacut under irrigation using 10 Tmcft of water from Vamsadhara basin.</p><br>
<h2>Lanjigarh alumina refinery</h2><br>
<p>Alumina refinery owned by Vedanta Resources is located in the Lanjigarh town which is in the Vamsadhara river basin area. The rain water run off from the red mud dump area of the Alumina refinery would pollute the river water by increasing the water alkalinity.</p><br>
<p>Skihist Mountain, also sometimes referred to as Skihist Peak, is the highest mountain in the Cantilever Range and in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located on the southern boundary of Stein Valley Nlaka&#39;pamux Heritage Park, about 20 km west of Lytton. It is the highest summit in the Lillooet Ranges, which lie between the Lillooet and Fraser Rivers, south of the Gates Valley and Seton and Anderson Lakes.</p><br>
<p>Skihist Mountain consists of a north-south aligned ridge. Kent Creek drains its northern slopes while Nesbitt Creek drains the south and west slopes. Both creeks feed the Stein River. On its eastern slopes, it is drained by North Kwoiek Creek, which originates at Skihist Lake, a small mountain lake located approximately three kilometers southesast of Skihist&#39;s summit.</p><br>
<p>The peak is most easily climbed via its south slopes, from the North Kwoiek Creek drainage.</p><br>
<h2>Name origin</h2><br>
<p>According to ethnologist James Teit, writing in 1917, the word skihist means "jump" or "leap", referring to a giant in mythological times who leapt back and forth between this summit and Akasik Mountain. Helen and GPW Akrigg, in their British Columbia Place Name book, say it is from Sk-haest, meaning "peak between two ridges".</p><br>
<p>Skihist Provincial Park is not near the mountain, but on the other side of the</p><br>
<p>Fraser and up the Thompson River some distance, but is so named because it has a good view of this summit.</p><br>
<p>The Arkadelphia Boy Scout Hut, located in Central Park in Arkadelphia, Arkansas is on the National Register of Historic Places. Since the roof and the original shutters and windows were replaced in 1953, in the Hut is preclude from being listed on the National Register under Criterion C. However, it listed under Criterion A as a "property that made a contribution to the major pattern of American history".</p><br>
<p>The Boy Scout Hut was constructed from 1938 to 1939 as a National Youth Administration (NYA) project. It is an example of the typical type of buildings constructed by the New Deal&#39;s Works Progress Administration (WPA), Civilian Conservation Corps(CCC) and NYA during the Great Depression. However, it is the only known building constructed by the NYA and the only building designed in a Rustic style that remains standing in Arkadelphia that was designed and constructed during the New Deal era.</p><br>
<p>While the Boy Scout Hut was constructed specifically as a meeting place for two local Boy Scout troops, and its use is controlled by the Boy Scouts, the building is actually owned by the city of Arkadelphia. Starting around 1958, the Boy Scouts allowed the local Girls Scout troops to use the building and currently Cub Scout Pack 3024 and Girl Scout Troop 454 use the building.</p><br>
<p>The Warkentin House is a house in Newton, Kansas, United States. The home of Bernhard Warkentin and Wilhelmina Eisenmayer Warkentin, it was built between 1886 and 1887. It is listed on the Kansas Register of Historic Places and National Register of Historic Places as a splendid example of the Victorian period in American architecture and furnishings. The Victorian house offers a glimpse into the way the Warkentins lived, with 80 percent of the original furnishings remaining.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bernhard Warkentin was born in the village of Altonau of the Molotschna Mennonite settlement in the Ukraine on June 18, 1847. In 1872, he arrived in the United States to study the country&#39;s agricultural, economic and political climate.</p><br>
<p>Wilhelmina Eisenmayer was born November 1, 1852, in Horse Prairie, Illinois. She and Bernhard were married August 12, 1875. They had two children: Edna Wella, born September 24, 1876, and Carl Orlando, born January 3, 1880.</p><br>
<p>Realizing the benefit the Mennonite farmers would be to the development of the Great Plains states, American railroad companies touted the advantages of settling in the midwestern United States. Between 1874 and 1884, about 15,000 Mennonites immigrated to America. The majority settled in Kansas. Bernhard Warkentin encouraged the immigrants to bring with them Turkey Red hard winter wheat.</p><br>
<p>In 1873, Warkentin settled in Halstead, Kansas, building Harvey Countys first grist mill and his farmstead on the Little Arkansas River. In planning for his mill, Warkentin visited several milling operations throughout the Midwest; among them was Conrad Eisenmayers mill in Summerfield, Illinois. It was there that he met Eisenmayer&#39;s daughter, Wilhelmina.</p><br>
<p>In the fall of 1874, the Kansas countryside was first sown with Turkey Red wheat, the hardy, high-yield variety that gave Kansas its enormous productivity and made the region the breadbasket of the world.</p><br>
<p>Warkentin owned mills and elevators in Newton and Halstead, Kansas, and Blackwell, Oklahoma. He was instrumental in founding the Halstead State Bank, Kansas State Bank, Bethel Deaconess Hospital, and Bethel College.</p><br>
<p>Warkentin died by accidental gunshot on a trip in the Holy Land in 1908. Wilhelmina Warkentin lived in their Newton home until her death in 1932.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<h3>Foyer</h3><br>
<p>The main entrance door displays a cut and etched glass panel imported from France.</p><br>
<p>English carpenters crafted the fine woodwork evident in the main staircase and the ball-and-spindle fretwork in the foyer.</p><br>
<p>The lavatory near the front door allowed dusty travelers to freshen up using an English cabinet with teardrop pulls and Italian marble washbasin. The lion-head towel holder is English.</p><br>
<p>Many small details exhibit the fine workmanship of the carpenters, and the leatherette wainscoting in the main foyer, lavatory, and stairwell is especially luxurious.</p><br>
<h3>Parlor and music room</h3><br>
<p>The fireplace in the parlor has a cherry mantelpiece and Italian tiles.</p><br>
<p>The rosewood/mahogany empire loveseat exhibits Chinese influence in carved dog&#39;s heads and claw feet.</p><br>
<p>The box sofa was made in England, and the cornice molding around the ceiling repeats the "gadrooning" (radiating lobes) design of the sofa.</p><br>
<p>The woodwork in the other rooms continues the same themes begun in the foyer, but the woodwork in the parlor is cherry-finished walnut. The music room returns to oak woodwork, and the dining room is walnut. The sliding (pocket) doors between the music room and dining room were crafted of two woods, each side matching the appropriate room.</p><br>
<p>The music room and parlor have crystal chandeliers from Czechoslovakia.</p><br>
<p>The Steinway upright piano belonged to the Warkentins&#39; daughter, Edna, and the floor in the music room is covered by one of many Anglo-Persian carpets in the house.</p><br>
<p>The music room is spacious and well-lighted by windows on the east and south.</p><br>
<h3>Dining room and kitchen</h3><br>
<p>The Italian tile in the dining room fireplace portrays the goddess of agriculture, Demeter in Greek mythology or Ceres in the Roman pantheon.</p><br>
<p>The Warkentins entertained elegantly, and the china closet contains some of their original serving pieces; among the most striking is the chocolate pot.</p><br>
<p>The jeweled and stained glass windows on either side of the fireplace pre-date the house and are believed to be of Russian origin.</p><br>
<p>The large medallion in the wall covering echoes the emblem in the satin glass globes of the bronze chandelier and the wall sconces.</p><br>
<p>Nineteenth-century luxury did not extend to the kitchen. Electricity replaced gas for lighting soon after the completion of the house, but the old wood/coal cookstove continued in use for many years.</p><br>
<p>Indoor plumbing was installed two years after the completion of the house. A servant pumped water into a large, copper-lined reservoir in the third-floor attic at the beginning of each day. The three sinks in the kitchen are slate.</p><br>
<h3>Bedrooms</h3><br>
<p>The two-room master suite has a sitting room to the southwest. The birdseye maple suite is original to the house, but it was not located in the master bedroom.</p><br>
<p>The brass double bed is now in the northwest bedroom and also belonged to the Warkentins. Much of the furniture in the bedrooms is not original to the house. The trunk at the foot of the bed was used by the Warkentins in their travels.</p><br>
<p>The parquet flooring throughout the house consists of several different woods and is finely crafted. The most unusual floor covering is in the master suite, where bright red Russian rugs, originally in the music room, have been moved for preservation. Warkentin himself purchased them in Russia, and the thistle pattern displays the Russian national flower.</p><br>
<h3>Library</h3><br>
<p>The most unusual fireplace is in the library. The tile is again Italian, but the hearth displays a most unusual diagonal band.</p><br>
<p>Bernhard Warkentins roll-top desk is no longer on the east wall of the library, but his wifes oak writing desk stands in that location. His favorite chair has striking lion&#39;s heads on the arms and claw feet. The design on the coal scuttle is similar to that on the etched glass of the front door. The walnut library case is one of the few furnishings native to Kansas. It was constructed in Leavenworth and contains family books.</p><br>
<p>Lake Kashiba is situated south-west of Luanshya in Zambia, close to Mpongwe and St Anthony&#39;s Mission.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrography</h2><br>
<p>Lake Kashiba is the best known of the several small, very deep pools in the Ndola district called "the sunken lakes." They are found in limestone and were caused by the action of water on the rock, dissolving it and forming caves which eventually collapsed, leaving deep holes filled with water. Kashiba is the most impressive and means "small lake." It is about 3.5 hectare in area and about 100 m deep. The water level is about 10 m below the surrounding forest, and through the clear blue water, fish are easy to see, mostly bream, with some carp.</p><br>
<h2>Local legends</h2><br>
<p>Local legends warn that you not eat fish from Kashiba because even if you leave the fish on the fire all day and all night, it will not be cooked. Kashiba is also said to contain a monster called “Ichitapa” or “lsoka lkulu.” When a man stands on the rocks at the lake’s edge, with his shadow over the water, the monster comes up from the depths and catches the shadow, so that the victim becomes paralysed and falls in the water.</p><br>
<p>But the best known of the legends of Kashiba goes back to the earliest history of the Lamba people, to Kabunda, son of Chipimpi, the chief who came from the west with seeds to plant the first gardens for the people. One day, when Chipimpis people had finished plastering a grain store, he gave them all porridge to eat, but to Kabunda and his nephew he gave a goat so that they might wash off the mud with the goats blood. But Kabunda demanded the blood of a man, and Kapimpi gave him a slave to kill. Kabunda killed the slave with his hoe, saying: "Now we are the people of the Hair Clan, for we have killed a man with hair on his head. But you, my father and my cousin, are people of the Goat Clan:&#39; And Kabunda slew Chipimpi and became chief.</p><br>
<p>In time, Kabunda began to ill-treat the younger relatives of Chipimpi, members of the Goat Clan, and they became angry, saying they were of the chief&#39;s clan and should not be treated thus. "Let us now kill ourselves! Let us see what will remain! Kabunda can remain, and the kingdom can be his!" So they all went to Kashiba, where they took all their goods and chattels, goats and chickens and dogs, and tied themselves together with a long rope and threw themselves into the lake. But a member of the Leopard Clan was at the end of the rope, and at the last moment, he cut it in front of his wife and carried her back to the village, where she became the mother of all the Goat Clan.</p><br>
<h2>General references</h2><br>
<p>Tales of Zambia by Dick Hobson. 1996. Zambia Society Trust, London.</p><br>
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<p>Tor Bay  is a bay on the south-east coast of the county of Devon, England. Facing east into the English Channel, it is about 4.5 mi wide from north to south. The settlements of Torquay, Paignton and Brixham, which lie along its coastline, are known collectively as Torbay.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Tor Bay is bounded by outcrops of Devonian limestone forming its northern limit at Hopes Nose and its southern at Berry Head. The geology of the area is varied and complex, recognised by the 2007 designation of the English Riviera Geopark which includes all of Tor Bays coastline.</p><br>
<p>During the last glacial period, when sea level was much lower, Tor Bay was dry land, as is shown by the existence of a submerged forest in the bay. It was overwhelmed during the Flandrian transgression which started about 10,000 years ago.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Because it is sheltered from the prevailing south-westerly winds, Tor Bay has long been one of the safest refuges for shipping between Lands End and the Isle of Wight. In the mid-17th century, the bay was occasionally used by the naval fleet as an anchorage and as a gathering place for convoys. These uses were greatly expanded during the wars with France up to 1815, though the bays exposure to easterly winds caused a number of near disasters when the wind changed direction unexpectedly.</p><br>
<p>On 5 November 1688 William of Orange landed at Brixham, starting the Glorious Revolution.</p><br>
<h2>Navigation and tourism</h2><br>
<p>The bay contains two sheltered harbours, at Torquay and Brixham. Almost the whole of the bay affords good anchorages and shelter from westerly winds. The bay&#39;s sheltered nature makes it a popular location for watersports. There are regular passenger ferry services across the bay between Torquay and Brixham.</p><br>
<p>The Hottentots Holland Mountains are part of the Cape Fold Belt in the Western Cape, South Africa. The mountain range forms a barrier between the Cape Town metropolitan area and the southern Overberg coast.</p><br>
<p>The range is primarily composed of Table Mountain Sandstone, and forms a large range between the Cape Town outlying suburbs of Somerset West and Gordons Bay to the west, and the large Elgin valley to the east. Sir Lowrys Pass is the only crossing, in the form of the N2 motorway. The Steenbras Dam, one of Cape Town&#39;s main supply dams, is located in the southern section of the range. This is due to the abundant rainfall experienced in the uplands, located in the Elgin Valley around the town of Grabouw on the eastern slopes.</p><br>
<p>At the start of the Great Trek in 1835 when migrants decided to leave the Cape Town area, or Cape Colony as it was then known, the first mountain range they crossed was this range. Cuts and wheel markings from their ox wagons can still be seen in rock formations in the vicinity of Sir Lowry&#39;s Pass on this mountain range. This route still serves as the primary route out of the Cape Town area for travellers heading up the east coast of South Africa.</p><br>
<p>The climate is typically Mediterranean, however it is generally much cooler and more verdant than other areas in the Western Cape, with annual precipitation exceeding 1500 mm and summertime maxima rarely exceeding 25 °C. Snow is not unusual on the higher peaks, like Verkykerkop, Somerset Sneeukop (Snow Peak) at 1590 m high and The Triplets in the northern section of the range. This area and the other ranges to the south are considered the hub of the Cape floristic region with the most biodiversity in the entire fynbos biome. The surrounding lowlands have rich alluvial soils supporting viticulture and other deciduous fruit farms.</p><br>
<p>Manhartsberg is a low, flat-lying mountain ridge in Lower Austria. It rises to a maximum height of 537 m. It is the southeastern flank of the granite Bohemian massif.</p><br>
<p>The ridge runs from the Thaya river up to the Wagram mountain range and is partly overlaid with Neogene sediments, primarily clays, sands and gravels of the Vienna Basin formations. This ridge continues to the northeast into Moravia in the area near Znojmo. The Manhartsberg forms the southeastern edge of the Bohemian massif and constitutes the boundary between two parts of Lower Austria, the upper quarter above the Manhartsberg (Waldviertel) and the lower quarter under the Manhartsberg (Weinviertel). On its west side runs the Kamp river. The western slopes of the Manhartsberg are part of the Kamptal-Schönberg nature park, which has been recognized by UNESCO as an international geopark, the Kamptal Geopark.</p><br>
<p>Above the town of Maissau, rich veins of amethyst have been found in the Manhartsberg.</p><br>
<p>Next to one of the highest points on the ridge are the remains of a World War II secret radar installation, whose code name was Zangendorf 4.</p><br>
<p>The Belmont-Paul Womens Equality National Monument , Alva Belmont House , and the Sewall-Belmont House and Museum ) is a historic house and museum of the USA womens suffrage and equal rights movements located in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The monument is named after suffragists and National Woman&#39;s Party leaders Alva Belmont and Alice Paul.</p><br>
<p>Since 1929 the house has served as headquarters of the National Womans Party, a key political organization in the fight for womens suffrage. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974. From 1972 to 2016, the Sewall-Belmont National Historic Site was an affiliated unit of the National Park Service. In 2016, President Barack Obama designated it a National Monument.</p><br>
<h2>Sewall House history</h2><br>
<h3>Construction of the house</h3><br>
<p>On June 20, 1632, Charles I, King of England, made a land grant in North America to Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore which became the Province of Maryland (later the state of Maryland). Lord Baltimore established counties within the province, and provincial courts further subdivided counties into areas known as hundreds. One of these was New Scotland Hundred. Its southern boundary was the Potomac River, extending from the mouth of Oxon Creek upstream to Little Falls Rapids (a point 10 mi downstream from the Great Falls of the Potomac River). On February 12, 1663, the third Lord Baltimore granted a land patent of 1,000 acre in New Scotland Hundred to George Thompson. The property (which was now called Duddington Manor) changed hands, was subdivided, and inherited a number of times before it came into the possession of nine-year-old Daniel Carroll in 1773.</p><br>
<p>On July 9, 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington. About December 1790, Washington chose the site now known as the District of Columbia. Congress ratified his decision in 1791. Congress subsequently purchased all land in the new district from its private owners (the "original patentees"), including Carroll. The district was divided into squares, and each square into lots. Daniel Carroll purchased lot 1 in square 725 on October 18, 1793, for $266.66, and the same day the federal government gave lot 32 in square 725 back to Carroll gratis. Robert Sewall purchased lot 2 in square 725 for $429.33 on October 18, and lots 1 and 32 from Carroll for $600.29 on January 29, 1799.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the main house occurred in 1799 and 1800. The architect of the new Sewall house is unknown, but research by the Historic American Buildings Survey indicates it was probably Leonard Harbaugh, an architect from Baltimore, Maryland, who was just beginning a notable career. (His design for the United States Capitol was the first chosen and later rejected by Congress, and he later designed Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Georgetown; Old North, the first building on the campus of Georgetown University; the original Treasury Building; and the War Office Building, which was later replaced by the Executive Office Building). The main house was essentially an addition to the front of a one-room farmhouse believed to date from 1750. Although the Sewall family rarely occupied the home, its size, beauty, and location led many prominent government leaders to reside there. These included Albert Gallatin, who served as Secretary of the Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, and Reverdy Johnson, USA Senator from Maryland, United States Attorney General, and USA Minister to the United Kingdom.</p><br>
<p>Tradition maintains that British troops set fire to the house during the War of 1812, and that gunfire from within or behind the Sewall residence provoked the attack.</p><br>
<h3>History of the house in the 1800s</h3><br>
<p>The house has undergone several architectural changes and restorations. After the house was partially burned by the British in 1814, Sewall sought reimbursement from the federal government for the damages. Congress declined to award them, so Sewall himself paid to have the structure repaired in 1820. A stable was probably added to the property at this time. Sewall died in the house on December 16, 1820, leaving the building to his wife, Polly, and his four surviving daughters. It is unclear which of these continued to live in the house, but Susan definitely lived in it until her death in 1837. Her will left the house to her older brother, Robert Darnell Sewall. Robert Sewall died on March 18, 1853, and bequeathed the house to his nieces, Susan and Ellen Daingerfield (his sister Susans daughters). In 1879, the Daingerfields made a major alteration to the house by added a half mansard roof to the front. In 1865, Susan Daingerfield married John S. Barbour, Jr., a railroad executive who later became a USA Senator from Virginia. After Susans death in 1886, Barbour continued to live in the Sewall house with his sister-in-law, Ellen.</p><br>
<p>Sewall House was empty from Ellen Daingerfield&#39;s death in 1912 until 1922, when it was purchased by Senator Porter H. Dale of Vermont. Dale extensively rehabilitated the house from 1922 to 1924. He renovated the porch at the rear of the house and enclosed it, added three bathrooms, laid new floors throughout the structure, added three windows on the first floor on the west side of the house, and renovated the kitchen. Architect J.G. Herbert of Washington, D.C., oversaw these changes.</p><br>
<h2>Alva Belmont House history</h2><br>
<h3>Becoming National Woman's Party headquarters</h3><br>
<p>On May 8, 1921, the National Woman&#39;s Party (NWP) announced it had purchased the Old Brick Capitol, a historic red brick structure built in 1815 by Congress as a temporary site for the national legislature until the United States Capitol (burned during the War of 1812) could be rebuilt. The organization planned to offer a library, reading rooms, sleeping quarters, meeting rooms, and a dining facility at their new headquarters, which replaced temporary facilities on Lafayette Square. The organization obtained the structure for $150,000, and spent another $50,000 repairing and upgrading it. The headquarters were dedicated on May 21, 1922.</p><br>
<p>However, in 1902, the USA Senate Park Commission issued its recommendations for the development of the national capital. This report, The Report of the Senate Park Commission. The Improvement of the Park System of the District of Columbia (better known as the McMillan Plan after the commission&#39;s chairman, Senator James McMillan) had recommended clearing nearly all the area around the USA Capitol building and erecting a cluster of government office buildings here. This included a new United States Supreme Court Building. In 1926, Congress enacted the Public Buildings Act, which provided for land purchase and construction of the Federal Triangle complex of government office buildings between the National Mall and Pennsylvania Avenue NW. Half the funding in the act, however, provided for construction of a new Supreme Court building across 1st Street NE from the USA Capitol.</p><br>
<p>The site for the new court structure was the site of the Old Capitol Building. Eminent domain proceedings began swiftly. In 1927, fearing the NWP might lose its headquarters, Alva Vanderbilt Belmont, the NWPs wealthy benefactor and co-founder, paid Senator Dale $100,000 in cash for an option to purchase the Sewall house. The condemnation proceedings went against the party. Although they were initially offered only $100,000 for their property, the NWP protested. In November 1928 the National Womans Party accepted an award of $299,200 for their existing headquarters in the Old Capitol Prison.</p><br>
<p>Belmont exercised her option, and obtained title to the Sewall house on May 21, 1929. The party announced their purchase of the structure in early September 1929.</p><br>
<h3>Renovations to the Belmont House</h3><br>
<p>The structure was renamed the Alva Belmont House during the NWPs national convention, which opened on December 6, 1929. Renovations to the structure began in August 1929. It is unclear if Columbus, Ohio, architect Florence Kenyon Hayden Rector or local D.C. decorator Madeleine McCandless designed and implemented the changes, but the Historic American Buildings Survey concludes that McCandless probably oversaw the improvements. These included a new window and door in the first floor on the east side, double doors in the west side, a new window on the second floor on the east side, a new bathroom on the second floor, and a new window on the second floor on the west side. These renovations cost about $30,000. Additionally, the NWP purchased two additions to the site at a total cost of about $19,000 to $20,000. When the Old Capitol was demolished, women from the NWP showed up with wheelbarrows to rescue bricks from the structure, which they then used to pave the patio in the Belmont House garden. A bronze plaque was affixed to the exterior of the house after the renovations were complete in December 1930, marking the official dedication of Alva Belmont House. The renovations converted the private residence to a multipurpose living and working space where NWPs leader and main strategist, Alice Paul, and others lived and worked.</p><br>
<p>In 1955, the USA Senate considered legislation that would permit the condemnation of Belmont House so that underground security vaults could be constructed there as part of the construction of the Dirksen Senate Office Building. But the plan met stiff opposition from local residents and the Capitol Hill Restoration Society. The battle over the legislation continued into 1958.</p><br>
<p>In 1960, Congress enacted legislation exempting Sewall-Belmont House from property taxation.</p><br>
<p>In 1965, by Senator Stephen M. Young introduced legislation in Congress to purchase the Sewall-Belmont House and turn it into a residence for the Vice President of the United States. Hearings were held on the bill in 1966, which provided $450,000 for purchase of the structure and property and $200,000 for renovations and additions. But opponents argued that the house was not large enough and not remote enough from the Capitol to provide privacy, and the bill died.</p><br>
<h3>Demolition threat</h3><br>
<p>In 1966, the Senate began deliberations which led to construction of the Hart Senate Office Building. The Dirksen Senate Office Building occupied the western half of the block bounded by 1st Street NE, Constitution Avenue NE, 2nd Street NE, and C Street NE. The Architect of the Capitol and Senators sought to condemn the entire eastern half of the block. The Belmont-Paul House sat on the southeast corner of this area. The stand-alone legislation authorizing condemnation of the buildings on the site exempted the Belmont-Paul (then Sewall-Belmont) House from demolition, but not the two adjacent buildings which it used as apartments for its members when visiting Washington over many decades to organize and lobby on behalf of all aspects of Women&#39;s Equality. Architects wanted this land for an entrance a planned underground parking garage. This legislation cleared the Senate Committee on Public Works in October 1967. The full Senate approved the bill on April 30, 1968.</p><br>
<p>The House Committee on Public Works approved the bill on May 22, 1968. The full House of Representatives balked at passing the bill. Architectural historian L. Morris Leisenring had studied the Belmont-Paul House for the Architect of the Capitol, and concluded that the two adjacent structures had once been slave quarters and a tobacco barn, and warranted preservation. Leisenring had recently overseen the restoration of Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial, and his opinion persuaded many House members that the entire NWP complex should be saved. But other historians disputed Leisenring&#39;s conclusions. Opponents of the bill were also angered by the cost of the Senate building and actions taken by the Senate previously that year. The House refused to act on the bill, and it died when the 90th Congress ended on January 3, 1969.</p><br>
<p>Changes to the architectural design of the building moved the parking garage entrance to the northern side of the proposed structure, which left the government seeking to condemn the NWP&#39;s two outbuildings for use as greenspace. To overcome House resistance to its authorization legislation, the Senate attached language authorizing the land condemnation to a bill which had already passed the House. During conference committee meetings, House members were unable to have the offending amendment removed from the bill. It passed the House and Senate, and became law.</p><br>
<h3>Post-1970s renovations</h3><br>
<p>In 1974, Congress voted to provide the National Woman&#39;s Party with $300,000 in historic preservation funds to help renovate and maintain the house. The legislation also authorized the National Park Service to conduct tours of the site. But major budget cuts enacted the following year jeopardized these funds, and the Historic American Building Survey has concluded that they never occurred.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, Congress enacted legislation which once more gave the NWP historic preservation funding for the house.</p><br>
<p>The Sewall-Belmont House continued to be used as the headquarters for the National Womans Party into the 21st century. Over time, the house also became a museum that housed an archive, memorabilia, documents, furniture, and artwork related to the womens suffrage and equal rights movement. Maintaining the structure proved increasingly costly, so the organization began renting the Sewall-Belmont House as a meeting center and wedding site. At their peak in 2007, weddings brought in more than $100,000 for the museum. The discovery of mold in the Florence Bayard Hilles Research Library in 2014 forced the museum to spend $75,000 to remove it. To pay for the repair, the museum placed two of its three staff people on half-time. In January and February 2016, heavy snowfall damaged copper gutters at the house, forcing the museum to cancel most of its Women&#39;s History Month programming to pay for repairs.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designations</h2><br>
<p>The Belmont-Paul House is the oldest house still standing in the Capitol Hill neighborhood. Although formally dedicated as the Alva Belmont House by the NWP in 1931, the combined name Sewall-Belmont House came into usage by The Evening Star newspaper as early as 1942, and by The Washington Post in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Sewall-Belmont House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<p>In August 2015, Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-Maryland) introduced legislation to authorize the National Park Service to accept ownership of the Sewall-Belmont House should the National Womans Party agree to transfer it at no cost. The National Womans Party found the building increasingly costly to maintain, and the transfer of title would allow for better conservation of the site.</p><br>
<p>President Barack Obama designated the Sewall-Belmont House a National Monument on April 12, 2016. The house, renamed Belmont-Paul Womens Equality National Monument after Alva Belmont and Alice Paul, will continue to house the National Womans Party collection, which includes an extensive library on womens suffrage and womens issues, the NWP archive, and museum holdings such as art, memorabilia, and exhibits. Financier David Rubenstein also announced he will make a $1 million donation to the National Park Foundation to help restore and conserve the house and support its ongoing mission. Renting the site for weddings will now end, NWP officials said. L. Page Harrington, executive director of the museum, said the museum and NWP archives will continue to use the name National Women&#39;s Party.</p><br>
<h2>About the Belmont-Paul House</h2><br>
<p>When construction on the Sewall House was completed in 1800, the house was in the Adam Federal style of architecture. The Historic American Buildings Survey has concluded that the structure has been so modified over the years that it no longer belongs to a single architectural style by reflects as many as seven different genres. Other sources agree that the building no longer has a definable architectural style, but most feel it has retained enough features to still be characterized as Federal and some feel it is more in the Georgian style.</p><br>
<p>The rectangular home is 58 ft long on the south side and 130 ft long on the west side. The look-out basement is only about a third below-ground. The main building consists of two and a half stories. The roof was gabled, although this was changed to a partial mansard roof in 1879. The house is made of brick laid primarily in Flemish bond, although some areas are laid in English bond and</p><br>
<p>American bond and some have no particular pattern. The principal facade, which faces Constitution Avenue, is three bays wide. The front door features sidelights and an overhead fanlight in a "peacock" design. A molded semicircular arch with keystone surmounts the fanlight. Paired stairs lead to a landing before the main entrance, while the basement is accessed by a door below the landing. A round brick arch doorway provides access to the below-landing space.</p><br>
<p>A -story kitchen addition is attached to the northeast corner of the house on the north side. A one-story stable (which now serves as a library) is attached to the north side of the kitchen addition. These are 19th century additions to the structure. A 20th century addition, on the west side of the kitchen, forms an enclosed terrace. This terrace addition reaches to the south wall of the stable/library, helping to create and enclose the hall between the two additions.</p><br>
<p>The double-hung windows on the principal facade on the first and second floors consist of a main panel three by three rectangular panes wide, with sidelight panels two over two vertical rectangular pane wide. Mullions divide the three panels. Each of these windows has a stone lintel with a circular bas-relief design in the corner, and false shutters. In the mansard roof at the front of the house are three gabled dormers. Each dormer is surrounded by decorative millwork with two dentils below, square Tuscan pillars with indents on either side, a lintel with the circular bas-relief, and a plain triangular pediment.</p><br>
<p>Original windows on the other facades are double-hung, with main panels three by three rectangular panes wide. Each of these also has a stone lintel with circular bas-relief design. Windows added later lack the lintel.</p><br>
<p>The interior floor plan is typical of an Adam Federalist house, with a center hall and two symmetrical rooms on either side. The third (or attic) floor consisted of a secondary suite, with kitchenette and full bathroom. Over the kitchen addition were two floors, each only three-quarters normal height. A narrow, spiral servants&#39; stairs provides access to a bedroom and full bath on each floor above.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting the site</h2><br>
<p>Belmont-Paul Women&#39;s Equality National Monument is located at 144 Constitution Avenue NE. It is open to the public Wednesday through Sunday from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, with guided tours scheduled at 9:30 am, 11:00 am, 2:00 pm, and 3:30 pm. Visitors can also take a self-guided tour of the house during open hours. Group tours of 10 or more can be scheduled in advance by visiting the website. The nearest Metro stop is Union Station.</p><br>
<p>The Waterways Experiment Station, also known as WES-Original Cantonment in Vicksburg, Mississippi, is a sprawling 673 acre complex built in 1930 as a United States Army Corps of Engineers research facility. Its campus is the site of the headquarters of the Engineer Research and Development Center  of the Corps of Engineers. WES is the largest of the four Corps of Engineers&#39; research and development laboratories.</p><br>
<p>The facility was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2000 in part for its architecture. The listing was for a 16 acre area roughly bounded by Spillway, Durden Creek, Tennessee Rd., and Dam Spillway, in Vicksburg, with five contributing buildings and three contributing structures.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The modern interest in scale modeling to study hydraulic engineering may be traced back to a demonstration model of flow over a weir in a glass-sided flume at the University of Michigan in the late 19th century. A visiting professor from the Technical College at Dresden, witnessed the model and upon his return, built a similar model in Dresden. Other hydraulic models were built at Karlsruhe and Delft (under the supervision of Prof. ) soon afterwards. John Freeman is credited with reviving interest in hydraulic models in the United States, establishing a traveling fellowship in his name with the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1925 after repeated visits to the laboratory in Dresden.</p><br>
<p>The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 prompted Congress to pass the Flood Control Act of 1928, authorizing numerous Corps of Engineers projects to control flooding along the Mississippi River. Meanwhile, Freeman campaigned for a national hydraulic laboratory, which resulted in a 1928 bill sponsored by Sen. Joseph Ransdell proposing construction of a laboratory in Washington, DC under the auspices of the Bureau of Standards after gaining the ear of then-Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover. After passing the Senate, Chief of Engineers General Edgar Jadwin testified against the proposed location before the House of Representatives, stating the laboratory should serve as a practical study of the Mississippi River, and as such, should be located on the Mississippi itself. As a result, the House deferred a decision on the national hydraulic laboratory until the following session. Jadwin&#39;s subordinates testified before the House in 1929 after visiting European hydraulic laboratories. Their testimony pointed out the differences in scale between North American rivers and European rivers would require larger models and more flexibility.</p><br>
<p>Memphis, Tennessee was proposed as the first site for a hydraulic laboratory in June 1929, but once the Mississippi River Commission headquarters were moved from St. Louis to Vicksburg in November, the hydraulic laboratory followed, with land purchased near Durden Creek on February 14, 1930.</p><br>
<p>WES&#39;s role as the first federal hydraulics research facility was to help the Mississippi River Commission develop and implement a flood control plan for the lower Mississippi Valley. The first river model, a model of the Illinois River built in the summer of 1930 to establish the backwater limit of the Mississippi, was dug in natural soil with a grapefruit knife. From those modest beginnings, WES has grown steadily to become perhaps the largest and most sophisticated research facility of its kind in the world.</p><br>
<h2>Historical organizational structure</h2><br>
<p>In 1968, hydraulic studies at WES were divided into five divisions:</p><br>
<p>Waterways, specializing in fluvial hydraulics using fixed-bed and movable-bed models</p><br>
<p>Estuaries, specializing in tidal hydraulics using fixed-bed models</p><br>
<p>Structures, specializing in dam appurtenances using scale models</p><br>
<p>Water Waves, specializing in surface wave action using fixed-bed harbor models and testing flumes</p><br>
<p>Hydraulic Analysis, specializing in the development and dissemination of hydraulic design data and procedures</p><br>
<h2>Mississippi Basin Model</h2><br>
<p>The Mississippi Basin Model was the largest single project undertaken by WES. It was initiated by then-Chief of Engineers Eugene Reybold in 1943. Construction took place from 1947 through 1966, and its scope included most of the Mississippi River and its tributaries (excluding the upper reach and the lower reach below Baton Rouge). The partially-completed model was used to create flood control strategies during the April 1952 flood on the Missouri River.</p><br>
<h2>Current mission</h2><br>
<p>Today there are over 1,200 employees, including several full-time members of the United States Armed Forces. Over 650 of these employees are engineers and scientists who work in such areas as hydraulics, oceanography, chemistry, electronics, physics, mathematics, soils, seismology, limnology, forestry, microbiology.</p><br>
<p>WES research is carried out in five separate, but closely interrelated laboratories: Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Geotechnical Laboratory, Structures Laboratory, Environmental Laboratory, and Information Technology Laboratory.</p><br>
<p>The history of engineering is the story of men and women in their attempts to understand, control, and accommodate their environment. In 1929 the USA Army Corps of Engineers established a small hydraulics laboratory in Vicksburg, Mississippi, in recognition of the increasingly vital role of scientific investigation in a laboratory setting as a necessary adjunct to the age-old practice of actual hands-on observation. Discoveries emanating from the laboratory, designated as the Waterways Experiment Station, paid immediate dividends and sparked a new confidence among the nation’s engineering community to make bold advancements and challenge or affirm long-standing doctrines. This initial success broadened the Waterways Experiment Station’s activities from mere hydraulic experiments for the Mississippi River to a Corp of Engineers-wide mission encompassing diverse fields of research.</p><br>
<p>Cascade Boy Scout Camp is a camp near Durango in San Juan County, Colorado, United States that is associated with Scouting in Colorado. The lodge building, also known as Cascade Lodge or Boy Scout Lodge, was built in 1928 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It is also listed on the Colorado Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The two-story lodge building is built in the shape of a cross. Constructed by local residents adjacent to the Million Dollar Highway, it was intended for use by various community organizations, including the Boy Scouts, but also including other youth groups. Located in the San Juan National Forest, the site is not now operated as a summer camp.</p><br>
<p>Sold into private hands in the 1930s, it is now a Christian retreat center.</p><br>
<p>S P Crater is a cinder cone volcano in the San Francisco volcanic field, 25 mi north of Flagstaff, Arizona. It is surrounded by several other cinder cones which are older and more eroded. It is a striking feature on the local landscape, with a well-defined lava flow that extends for 4.3 mi to the north.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The naming of the mountain is a bit of lore from the Old West. S P Crater can be climbed, and the lava flow can be viewed from the crater rim. C. J. Babbit, an 1880s rancher and early landowner of the mountain, expressed his opinion that the mountain resembled a pot of excrement (Shit Pot), and locally this became the accepted name. When viewed from certain angles on the ground, the combination of the smooth round shape of the cone, the dark lava spatter on the rim, and the long dark lava flow extruding from the base do indeed resemble a toilet catastrophe. Mapmakers refused to spell out the full name, and the mountain has been shown on maps and other literature with the abbreviated name.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>S P Crater is an 820 ft high cinder cone of basaltic andesite. The cone is capped by an agglutinate rim that helps to protect its structure. A lava flow extends to the north of the cone for about 7 km and originated from the same vent. However, there is some debate about the relationship between the cone and flow as it is not uncommon to form cinder cones during the early phase of an eruption as a magma degasses, and then to have lava push through the side of a cone during a late phase of eruption.</p><br>
<p>K–Ar dates on the lava are about 70 ka, but are considered unreliable because of excess argon and the un-weathered young appearance of the cone.</p><br>
<p>Pikelot Island is one of the outer islands of the State of Yap, part of the Federated States of Micronesia. It is a low coral islet, with a wet, tropical climate. It is uninhabited.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The island is known to have a rich ecosystem, with forest and scrub; and extensive fringing reefs. The islet is also home to a major seabird rookery, turtle nesting area and a few mangroves.</p><br>
<h2>Inhabitants</h2><br>
<p>The islet has no permanent inhabitants, but because of the beautiful wildlife, there are often temporary visitors from surrounding atolls such as Puluwat and Satawal on turtle hunting expeditions. The trip to Pikelot is still carried out in Melanesian style sailing outrigger canoes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was discovered by Spanish naval officer Juan Antonio de Ibargoitia commanding the vessel Filipino in 1801.</p><br>
<p>Sunnyslope Mountain also known as "S" Mountain is a large, rocky, nearly symmetric hill in the Sunnyslope section of Phoenix, Arizona. It is located near Central Avenue and Hatcher. The southern slope of the mountain is adorned with a 150-foot white majuscule "S". The mountain, in particular the large "S", can be seen from thirty miles away on a clear day, and is distinctly visible to nearby airplane passengers. Although the mountain is part of the Phoenix Mountains, the mountain is most closely associated with Sunnyslope High School. Each year, the freshmen class is assigned the task of hiking up the mountain and giving the "S" a fresh coat of white paint. At the end of the Homecoming football game, the "S" is traditionally outlined with red flares which are ignited by members of the freshmen football team. In June 2004, students organized to change the "S" into a "J" in honor of Josh Conard, a member of the Sunnyslope basketball team who was killed by a drunk driver. When the school was remodeled in the mid-1990s, the view of Sunnyslope Mountain from the home football stands was partially obstructed. However, Sunnyslope Mountain remains one of the most visible, artificial features of the northern skyline of the Valley of the Sun.</p><br>
<p>The name of the mountain is derived from the bordering Sunnyslope district of Phoenix. Sunnyslope is generally defined as the area east and south of North Mountain and north of the Arizona Canal. The diverse working-class neighborhood has a small downtown strip along 7th Street (with other commercial development centering on Central Avenue and Dunlap Road, including the John C. Lincoln North Mountain Medical Center) and features some of the city&#39;s most distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<p>The John C. Lincoln healthcare network began in the 1920s as the Desert Mission, a faith-based social services complex which provided medical services (and other services, including a food pantry, child care and a library) to Sunnyslope residents, many of whom relocated to Arizona to recover from tuberculosis in the dry desert climate; as the decades progressed and the neighborhood grew tremendously in population, the medical center became a separate entity, but the Desert Mission continues its social service functions for the Sunnyslope and North Phoenix area to this day as a subsidiary of the John C. Lincoln medical group. John C. Lincoln, an Ohio inventor and industrialist who founded Lincoln Electric, relocated to the Sunnyslope district in 1931 with his wife Helen, to treat her tuberculosis; almost immediately, the Lincolns became major financial supporters of Desert Mission and took on key leadership roles in the organization for most of the remainder of their lives. Helen Lincoln lived to the age of 102, after initially being given just two more years to live by doctors.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Sunnyslope Mountain</h2><br>
<p>Founded as the Scottish Rite Convalescent Home for Crippled Children, the Old Scottish Rite Hospital served indigent children, either crippled, or recovering from surgery at Piedmont Hospital or Wesley Memorial Hospital . Michael Hoke, M.D., was named the first Medical Director. The Home was originally a rented cottage in Decatur, Georgia with six beds. As the "Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children", six of its buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1913, Ed Roberts, while serving as a member of a train crew out of Atlanta, Georgia, was involved in a train wreck that both crushed his leg and dislocated his hip. Roberts returned to Atlanta to convalesce. Roberts contacted Forrest Adair, a friend, and fellow Masonic Lodge member.</p><br>
<p>During that same year, Michael Hoke, M.D., cured Mrs. William C. “Bertie” Wardlaw’s young nephew, a college student, of a serious bone infection. To honor Dr. Hoke, Wardlaw started raising money to open a crippled children’s hospital. With the aid of longtime friend and financier Forrest Adair, she approached the Scottish Rite Masons for their help in underwriting the proposed hospital. To honor the Masons’ contributions, Wardlaw added “Scottish Rite” to the facility’s name. In 1915, the hospital opened as Scottish Rite Convalescent Hospital for Crippled Children.</p><br>
<h2>Expansion</h2><br>
<p>The Convalescent Home soon expanded two rented cottages after funds were raised for the care of needy children by Mrs. Wardlaw and other philanthropic Atlantans (most notable Scottish Rite Masons). The facility could house 18 patients (20 if needs pressed).</p><br>
<h2>New buildings</h2><br>
<p>A new building was designed by two architects, Neel Reid and Hal Hentz, of the firm Hentz, Reid and Adler in Atlanta, Georgia. The building was completed in 1919, and could originally serve 50 patients. Along with a new facility came a new name: Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children. Until the 1930s, few drugs were available to treat crippling childhood diseases so the original hospital design reflected the emphasis then given to providing young patients with plenty of sunshine and fresh air. The Georgian Revival style buildings were designed with a southern exposure, allowing for plenty of sunshine. The ward buildings on each side of the central administration building included generous windows, including clerestory windows above the main roof-line to provide additional interior light. The buildings were sited to allow ventilation in warm weather.</p><br>
<p>The design also included light and air-filled areas for play and rest. Each ward had a glass-enclosed sun or play room. Sliding glass doors fronted each ward and originally led to screened porches. Bedridden children could be wheeled onto these porches or even onto paved terraces in front, to rest or play in the open air. When new medicines that became available to treat childhood diseases in the 1940s the importance of the screened porches was reduced. Steel casement windows have enclosed these porches since that time. Two other main buildings were added later. A service annex, built prior to World War II is a one-storied addition attached to the north side of the administration building. Nurses quarters were built following World War II to the east of the hospital in a separate building.</p><br>
<p>A 4.8 acre property with five contributing buildings was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as "Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children".</p><br>
<p>Another NRHP listing, also for "Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children", at the same address and with the same property area but including just one contributing building, was added in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Different location</h2><br>
<p>The hospital moved north of Atlanta, Georgia in the 1970s. The Scottish Rite Hospital merged with Egleston Childrens Health Care System in 1998 to create Childrens Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA). In 2006 CHoA and Grady Health System announced that an affiliate of CHoA would assume responsibility for the management of services at Hughes Spalding.</p><br>
<p>The building and property were abandoned. The Community Center of South Decatur was incorporated in 1979 to facilitate the redevelopment of the old Scottish Rite Children&#39;s Hospital. The size of the facility, and the cost of its maintenance, led to a decline in the condition of the property owing to a lack of financial resources. In 1997, the City of Decatur began looking for a developer for the Scottish Rite property who would work to rehabilitate the historic buildings, provide new single-family housing for the neighborhood, help to enhance the Oakhurst business district, return some part of the property to the tax roles. Progressive Redevelopment Incorporated and the Housing Resource Center submitted a plan for the site: the rehabilitation and adaptive re-use of the property, including the construction of 14 new accessible apartment units for people from the Shepherd Center who have a temporary or permanent disabilities, and the introduction of new single family affordable homes.</p><br>
<h2>Modern usage</h2><br>
<p>Now the buildings are not a hospital. A full service bar is located in the west wing. Offices are located in the main building. The east wing is leased to the Community Center of South Decatur, as is the former laundry building. The east wing is home to the Solarium, community meeting space and a rental facility for weddings and other private gatherings. The nurses quarters were sold to help finance the main building renovations, and have been converted into office space.</p><br>
<p>The Como Roundhouse, Railroad Depot and Hotel Complex is a collection of historic buildings in Como, Colorado.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad (DSPPR) reached Como in June 1879. 1881 saw construction of the Como Roundhouse, and is believed to have been built by Italian stonemasons that had settled in the Como area.</p><br>
<p>The original stone section remains, preservation work was undertaken in the 1980s to the walls and roof.</p><br>
<p>The Depot was constructed in 1879 and soon after extended to its current L shape. The Depot has been restored and is being used as a seasonal museuum.</p><br>
<p>The first Hotel on the site was the Gilman which opened for business on New Years Eve 1880.</p><br>
<p>The Gilman was extended in 1882/3 and then taken over by the Union Pacific&#39;s hotel division in 1885. They improved the building, rebuilding and extending it. In November 1896 the building burned to the ground.</p><br>
<p>Part of the foundations and bricks salvaged from the fire were used in building the new existing hotel. Called the South Park Hotel by the Railroad, it seems to have been known locally as the Como Eating House.</p><br>
<p>The last train through Como was in April 1937, the tracks were pulled up the following year. Track has now been relaid connecting the Depot and Roundhouse and a locomotive, Klondike Kate now resides in the Roundhouse.</p><br>
<p>Sylan , Sylarna , Bealjehkh  is a mountain range on the border between Norway and Sweden, in the counties Sør-Trøndelag and Jämtland.</p><br>
<p>Central in the area is the mountain ridge starting with Lillsylen in the north, passing over the highest point Storsylen (1,762 m), and further to Storsola (1,728 m) in the south. Traversal of the ridge is a popular trip for experienced hikers, and is easiest from the south to the north, due to a scrambling point about 100 m south of the Storsylen summit.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of mountain cabins in the area. The Norwegian Trekking Association maintains the tourist huts Schultzhytta in Roltdalen, Storerikvollen and Nedalshytta by Nesjøen. On the Swedish side the Swedish Tourist Association maintains the tourist huts Blåhammarens Fjällstation, Sylarnas Fjällstation and Helags Fjällstation. The mountain has a number of relatively small glaciers in its cirques on the eastern side of the main ridge.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Sylan is the finite plural of syl m awl. The sharp and pointed peaks of the mountains have been compared with the tool.</p><br>
<p>The Judge John C. Flanagan Residence is a house in Peoria, Illinois, United States. The home was constructed for Judge John C. Flanagan, a Philadelphia native, in 1837. The house was either part of an original 620 acre tract purchased by Flanagan&#39;s father from local Native American tribes or part of a 20 acre tract purchased by Flanagan when he came to Peoria in 1831. It is believed that Abraham Lincoln was once a guest in the home during the Lincoln-Douglas debates from 1854 to 1860. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The house is now operated by the Peoria Historical Society as the John C. Flanagan House Museum, a 19th-century period historic house museum. The house also serves as the headquarters for the Peoria Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.</p><br>
<p>Salvador Water or Port Salvador  is a bay/inlet on the northeast coast of East Falkland, the largest of the Falkland Islands. It has an intricate shoreline, but could be described as being shaped like an "M".</p><br>
<p>Settlements on its shoreline include Teal Inlet, Douglas, Salvador and Rincon Grande. Port Louis, the oldest and one time main settlement on the islands is also nearby, on the other side of a narrow isthmus, which backs onto Berkeley Sound.</p><br>
<h2>Falklands War</h2><br>
<p>During the Falklands War, Salvador Water was considered as one of the potential sites for a British amphibious landing but, in the event, the British landings took place on San Carlos Water in the west of East Falkland, on Falkland Sound. Though this site was heavily favoured by Argentines as a potential landingplace, it was in the event considered too shallow by British forces for larger naval vessels to enter. Brig. Thompson is said to have favoured the site.</p><br>
<p>The North Side Historic District is a Registered Historic District in Peoria, Illinois, United States. The district is located on a terrace at the bank of the Illinois River and is predominantly residential. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1983. Due to the growth of the city in the 20th century, this original North Side is now in the southeastern quadrant of the city.</p><br>
<p>There are 213 contributing properties listed on the registration. Among them are:</p><br>
<p>the Scottish Rite Cathedral at 400 NE Perry Ave.</p><br>
<p>the Peoria Diocese buildings of the former high schools Spalding Institute and Academy of Our Lady, and adjacent offices and convent in the 400 NE block of Madison St. and 400/500 blocks of Bryan St.</p><br>
<p>American Legion Post #2 at 406 NE Monroe St. (torn down by the Diocese in the late 2000s); and</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s Cathedral and its diocesan chancery at 607 NE Madison St.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The old part of the city of Peoria is built on a series of two terraces. The lower terrace slopes up from the Illinois River bank to a height of 83 feet where it meets the base of the second terrace. The width of the initial terrace varies from ¾ miles to 1½ miles. The second terrace encompasses a series of bluffs which rise from 75 to 100 feet above the first terrace. The North Side Historic District is located on the initial terrace, to the north of the city&#39;s central business district and is primarily residential in nature.</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<p>The North Side Historic District is roughly bounded by three Peoria city streets: NE Perry, NE Madison, and Fayette Streets.</p><br>
<p>Peace and Harvest are two 8 ft tall limestone</p><br>
<p>statues in downtown Peoria, Illinois, United States. The male and female figures represent peace and harvest respectively. The statues were sculpted by Chicagoan Mary Andersen Clark (born in 1910 and formerly of Peoria) as part of the Works Progress Administration&#39;s Federal Art Project, and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The statues, created in 1938 and 1939, were dedicated on September 3, 1939 in front of the Peoria Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium, just north of the current Forest Park Nature Center, and stood at the site until the sanitarium closed in 1975. They then moved to Peoria Courthouse Plaza from 1975 to 1988, then were stored in a Peoria firehouse until 1992, causing them to briefly lose their National Register status. In June 1992, the statues were placed at their current site in front of the Becker Building at the corner of Jefferson and Main Streets.</p><br>
<p>Bomber Mountain is the crest of a ridge line within the Big Horn Mountains of the USA State of Wyoming. It borders the south side of Cloud Peak, the tallest peak in the range. It is about 23 mi west of Buffalo. A military aviation accident that occurred upon the mountain in 1943 led to it being named Bomber Mountain in 1946.</p><br>
<h2>1943 air accident</h2><br>
<p>On 28 June 1943, a B-17F-55-DL Flying Fortress, serial number 42-3399, nicknamed "Scharazad", departed Pendleton Army Air Base in Pendleton, Oregon destined for Grand Island, Nebraska. From there, the bomber would join the other members of the 383d Bomb Group and continue to England to participate in the ongoing World War II bombing campaigns. Around midnight, the captain radioed that their position was near Powder River, Wyoming. They were not heard from again. After they failed to arrive in Grand Island, the plane was declared missing and the Army mounted a search effort with no results. A second search was conducted the following year, concentrating on the Wind River Mountains, Absaroka Mountains and Big Horn Mountains, but still no wreckage was spotted.</p><br>
<p>On 12 August 1945, two cowboys spotted something shiny on a ridge line in the Cloud Peak area of the Big Horn Mountains. They discovered the wreckage and the deceased crew, and contacted authorities, who conducted an operation to recover the bodies of the crew and return them to their families. It was believed that during earlier search efforts, the paint color of the aircraft blended in closely with the mountain side, making the wreckage difficult to spot. After a few years, the paint wore off, and the shiny aluminum underneath made the plane more visible. No official cause for the crash was ever determined, but it is presumed that malfunctioning navigational equipment, and a moonless night combined with bad weather caused the pilot to not see the ridge until it was too late.</p><br>
<p>After a petition by veterans groups in Wyoming, the previously unnamed ridge was christened Bomber Mountain on 22 August 1946 by the USA Forest Service. In honor of the crew members, a commemorative plaque was placed on the shores of Florence Lake, 1.5 mi from the crash site.</p><br>
<p>The crew included:</p><br>
<p>William R. Ronaghan (pilot)</p><br>
<p>Anthony J. Tilotta (co-pilot)</p><br>
<p>Leonard H. Phillips (navigator)</p><br>
<p>Charles H. Suppes (bombardier)</p><br>
<p>James A. Hinds (aircraft engineer)</p><br>
<p>Ferguson T. Bell, Jr. (radio operator)</p><br>
<p>Lee Vaughn Miller (assistant aircraft engineer)</p><br>
<p>Charles E. Newburn, Jr (assistant radio operator)</p><br>
<p>Jake F. Penick (aircraft gunner)</p><br>
<p>Lewis M. Shepard (assistant aircraft gunner)</p><br>
<p>Nevado Tres Cruces is a massif of volcanic origin in the Andes Mountains on the border of Argentina and Chile. It has two main summits, Tres Cruces Sur at 6,748 m and Tres Cruces Centro at 6,629 m and a third more minor summit, Tres Cruces Norte 6,206 m. Tres Cruces Sur is the sixth highest mountain in the Andes. The area was first surveyed in 1883 by Francisco San Román and the Nevado Tres Cruces National Park was established in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The volcano has an extended history of activity, going back at least 1.5 million years. A number of lava domes surround the complex and a number of craters lie on its summits. The main volcano is of rhyodacitic composition and has generated two major ignimbritic eruptions, one 1.5 million years ago and a second 67,000 years ago. The last eruption was 28,000 years ago, but the volcano may become active in the future.</p><br>
<h2>Climate and glaciation</h2><br>
<p>The area has a desert climate, with nighttime temperatures below freezing and precipitation less than 29±14 mm in the local summer that quickly sublimates away, resulting in a lack of surface runoff and a barren landscape. The mean annual temperature is -2±4 degrees Celsius. The area is persistently very windy. The snowline altitude in the area is 5,800 m, higher than the Pleistocene altitude of 5,500 m. Small relic glaciers with surfaces of less than 1 km&sup2; exist above 5,500 m with moraines visible above 4,400 m. In 2000 a total ice surface of 1.1 km&sup2; was reported on Tres Cruces.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The whole complex has been active for 1.5 mya and has generated two large scale pyroclastic eruptions, a first one 1.5 mya occurred on the western side of the volcano. It is fairly thin and covers Pliocene lavas. Otherwise, rhyodacitic lava flows, lava domes and various ash and tephra deposits also belong to this volcano.</p><br>
<p>The massif delimits the Salar de Maricunga and has an extent of 10 x. The principal edifices are small but steep, rising 800 - above their bases. The northern cone is glacially eroded and has a crater 1 km wide. The central edifice has a crater 500 m and is inclined westward. The southern edifice is formed from an older western structure (0.8±0.5 mya) with two small craters and a glacial cirque, and an eastern edifice with a summit lava dome 2 km wide and basal lava flows. A cirque cuts the dome on the southeastern side and contains a small glacier. The whole edifice and the adjacent Miocene El Plateado volcano, as well as the western flank of neighbouring Ojos del Salado volcano, are covered with a thick layer of pumiceous ash fall, probably produced by the collapse of an eruption column.) north and Puntiagudo south is largely buried beneath the massif. Tomographic analysis of the area has indicated the presence of a large high-attenuation zone in the crust beneath Tres Cruces and the neighbouring Ojos del Salado volcano, which may indicate ongoing or incipient melting of the underlying crust.</p><br>
<h3>Lava domes</h3><br>
<p>Two minor lava domes La Espinilla and El Indio are present. La Espinilla formed within the crater (150 m deep and 1.5 - wide) of an explosive eruption. This dome is 200 - wide and 45 m high and formed 168±6 ka K-Ar. El Indio is located on the side of La Espinilla away from the main massif and is larger and older (350±40 ka K-Ar) than Espinilla. Other older lava domes lie on the western flank (2.1±0.3 ka K-Ar).</p><br>
<p>A major dacitic lava dome (150 - thick and covering a surface of 3.5 x) lies on the northwestern side of the massif, the vent is buried by younger deposits. The lava display flow banding and column jointing and has been K-Ar dated 1.4±0.4 mya.</p><br>
<h3>Recent activity</h3><br>
<p>Activity in the southernmost volcano has been dated at 280,000±22,000 years ago. The complex is linked to the eruption of the Tres Cruces ignimbrite 67,000 years ago, also known as Pampa Blanca. This ignimbrite is well exposed in the valley which separates the Tres Cruces and Ojos del Salado volcanoes, assuming thicknesses of 100 m with a basal flow 15 m thick. The youngest activity occurred 28,000 years ago and formed the summit lava dome of the southernmost volcano.</p><br>
<h2>Hazards</h2><br>
<p>The volcano has an approximate rock generation rate of 0.13 km3/kyr, lower than other arc associated volcanoes. Nevertheless, with eruptive episodes being separated by gaps of about 40,000 years between the last episodes, dangerous eruptive activity in the future is possible. However, the region surrounding the volcano is thinly populated, so major damage to infrastructure or danger to human life is unlikely.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Street Jail  or "Suffolk County Jail" is an infamous former jail  located at 215 Charles Street, Boston, Massachusetts. It is listed in the state and national Registers of Historic Places. The Liberty Hotel, as it is now known, has retained much of the historic structure, including the famed rotunda.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The jail was proposed by Mayor Martin Brimmer in his 1843 inaugural address as a replacement for the Leverett Street Jail which had been built in 1822. Normally jails of this sort were county institutions, but, since Boston, then and now, dominates Suffolk County, Mayor Brimmer was a key player in the jail&#39;s planning and development.</p><br>
<p>The jail was constructed between 1848 and 1851 to plans by architect Gridley James Fox Bryant and the advice of prison reformer, Rev. Louis Dwight, who designed it according to the 1790s humanitarian scheme pioneered in England known as the Auburn Plan. The original jail was built in the form of a cross with four wings of Quincy granite extending from a central, octagonal rotunda with a 90 ft atrium. The wings allowed segregation of prisoners by sex and category of offense, and thirty arched windows, each 33 feet high, provided ventilation and natural light. The original jail contained 220 granite cells, each 8 x.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, the jail has housed a number of famous inmates including John White Webster, James Michael Curley, Malcolm X, Sacco and Vanzetti, suffragists imprisoned for protests when President Woodrow Wilson visited Boston in 1919, and World War II prisoners of war from the German submarines and. The commanding officer of the latter U-boat, who died in the jail, was the brother of Operation Paperclip rocket scientist Ernst Steinhoff.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the US District Court ruled that, because of overcrowding, the jail violated the constitutional rights of the prisoners housed there. Nonetheless, the prison did not officially close until 1990. On Memorial Day of that year, prisoners were moved to the new Nashua Street Jail on Nashua Street.</p><br>
<p>The building is now owned by the Massachusetts General Hospital. It has since been redesigned by Cambridge Seven Associates and Ann Beha Architects, and reopened in the summer of 2007 as a 300-room luxury hotel with a number of high end bars and restaurants. The Liberty Hotel, as it is now known, has retained much of the historic structure, including the famed rotunda.</p><br>
<p>The Shirley–Eustis House is a historic house located at 33 Shirley Street, Boston, Massachusetts. It is a USA National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The house was built between 1747 and 1751 on 33 acre in Roxbury by William Shirley (1694–1771), Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, and served as his summer home. The house is attributed to architect Peter Harrison, and is one of four remaining mansions of royal governors in the United States.</p><br>
<p>In 1763 Shirleys son-in-law Eliakim Hutchinson, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk County, and one of Bostons richest men, acquired the house from his father-in-law. Upon retirement from his post as Governor of the Bahamas in 1769, William Shirley moved in with his daughter and son-in-law and lived there until his death in 1771.</p><br>
<p>After Hutchinson died in 1775, the house was occupied by Colonel Asa Whitcomb&#39;s Massachusetts Sixth Foot Regiment, and in 1778 it was seized as Loyalist property. It then sat unoccupied until purchased in 1782, then passed through a succession of owners, including the widow of a French planter in Haiti, a real estate speculator, and a China merchant, until it was acquired by Congressman William Eustis, Secretary of War under President James Madison during the War of 1812, Ambassador to the Netherlands 1815–1818, and the first Democratic-Republican Governor of Massachusetts from 1823–1825.</p><br>
<p>After Eustis wifes death in 1865, the estate passed to relatives who auctioned off the house&#39;s contents. In 1867 its site was subdivided in 53 lots and sold. The mansion was also sold, and moved about 60 ft to make way for Shirley Street. By 1886 the house was occupied by more than a dozen tenants; it was abandoned in 1911.</p><br>
<p>In 1913 William Sumner Appleton, who had recently founded the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, founded the Shirley–Eustis House Association to save the house, which was then used for storage of antiquities.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s, historical architect Robert G. Neiley and the Shirley Eustis House Association spearheaded the salvation of the crumbling structure. Extensive restoration, carried out by Neiley himself in collaboration with McGinley Hart & Associates, began in the 1980s, and in 1991 the house opened to the public. The restoration, which included restoring the grounds to include an orchard, period perennial beds, parterre gardens, and a large lawn, won a Boston Preservation Alliance award for the best-restored small-scale structure in the City of Boston.</p><br>
<p>The Captain Robert Bennet Forbes House, also known as the R. B. Forbes House and Forbes House Museum , is a house museum located at 215 Adams Street, Milton, Massachusetts. It is now a National Historic Landmark, and is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>This house tells the story of an American entrepreneurial family involved in the China Trade in the mid to late 1800s. The house was built in 1833 for their mother, Margaret Perkins, by Captain Robert Bennet Forbes, John Murray Forbes, and their sisters. It was designed in an unusual Greek Revival style by Boston architect Isaiah Rogers and is now one of two surviving examples of Rogers&#39; early domestic work. Rogers and Forbes collaborated on the design, which included nautical elements. Its interior retains many original features including an elliptical staircase (resembling those of lighthouses) rising through three stories, leading to a cupola from which ships arriving at Boston Harbor could be seen. It has walls 18 in thick which were originally sheathed with shiplap siding. A partial upper floor was originally illuminated by porthole windows; this was altered in the 1880s, when the roof was raised and sash windows were installed. The interior has been little altered, primarily by the addition of 20th century conveniences including plumbing and electricity. Interior additions (1872) include tiled fireplace surrounds in the High Victorian Gothic style.</p><br>
<p>The house was used by the Forbes family until 1962, and opened as a museum in 1965. Today it is furnished with the familys furniture, art, and American, European, and Old China Trade heirlooms. The museum also contains a large collection of Abraham Lincoln memorabilia collected by Captain Forbess granddaughter, Mary Bowditch Forbes, together with a replica of Lincoln&#39;s birthplace cabin on the grounds.</p><br>
<p>After four generations of the family lived here up until 1962, the museum was opened in 1964 by a descendant, H.A. Crosby Forbes, to celebrate the history of the Forbes family and the legacy of the China Trade.</p><br>
<h2>Family members that lived in the house</h2><br>
<p>Margaret Perkins Forbes (1773–1856)</p><br>
<p>Margaret Perkins was the first resident of the Forbes House, as the residence was built for her. She was the youngest sister of 3 brothers from one of the most important and wealthiest families in Boston.</p><br>
<p>Capt. Robert Bennet Forbes (1804–1889) and John Murray Forbes (1813–1898)</p><br>
<p>These brothers were two of seven children born to Margaret Perkins and Ralph Bennet Forbes (1773–1824). Both were involved in sea voyages from young ages, and earned their living in the China trade. The brothers built this house for their mother in honor of their brother, Thomas Tunno Forbes, who died in a typhoon at the age of 26. Both lived on Adams st., but not in this house.</p><br>
<p>James Murray Forbes (1845–1937) and Alice Francis Bowditch (1848–1929)</p><br>
<p>After the deaths of Mary Perkins and her daughters, the Captain&#39;s son James and his wife occupied the House. They are responsible for many of the renovations to the house that took place in the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>Mary Bowditch Forbes (1878–1962)</p><br>
<p>The last person to live in this house was Mary Bowditch Forbes. She admired President Lincoln and collected many memorabilia attached to his name. She even had a replica of Lincoln&#39;s log cabin built on the property in 1923.</p><br>
<h2>Museum collection</h2><br>
<p>Items belonging to the Forbes family</p><br>
<p>Items from the China trade including porcelain, tea, and silk</p><br>
<p>Artworks from the Forbes&#39; personal collections</p><br>
<p>Stories and pictures that interpret the history of the Forbes family and Milton, Massachusetts</p><br>
<p>Fort Vasquez is a former fur trading post 35 mi northeast of Denver, Colorado, United States, founded by Luis Vasquez and Andrew Sublette in 1835. Restored by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s, it now lies in a rather incongruous position as USA Route 85 splits to run either side of the building. History Colorado  took possession of the property in 1958 and runs it as a museum to display exhibits of the fur-trade era.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The present day Fort Vasquez located, literally, on Highway 85, next to Platteville, Colorado is a reconstruction of the adobe trading post established by the trappers Louis Vasquez and Andrew Sublette. They built the fort in 1835 after obtaining a trading license in St. Louis, Missouri, from William Clark, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs. They traded with other furriers, trappers, mountain men, and Native American tribes (including the Arapaho and Cheyenne), amidst competition with other trading posts. Unable to turn a profit, they sold Fort Vasquez to Lock and Randolph in 1840 who subsequently went bankrupt and abandoned the structures in 1842. Due to the bankruptcy, Vasquez and Sublette could not collect the sum owed to them for the sale.</p><br>
<p>The Census of 1880 lists several residents of Vasquez Fork, and it appears to be a mining community. One resident was Othello Reed Ostrander, born 1843 in New York. The census taker lists him as being in Vasquez Fork AND living in Georgetown with his wife and two young sons. He was listed twice. His wife was Isabelle Irene and sons were Arthur and Albert.</p><br>
<p>Mount St. Marys Hospital or St. Marys Manor is a historic Neoclassical Revival hospital building located at Niagara Falls in Niagara County, New York. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1912-1914 and designed by architect William P. Ginther. The building is red brick on a raised limestone foundation. The hospital is a winged building, consisting of a 9-story, red brick center tower block flanked by matching 5-story blocks, threaded together by a central corridor expressed in two thin 7-story connectors. The main facade is oriented towards Sixth Street. A 1948 3-story addition to the north is set back, fronting the alley. Together the three blocks and their corridors form a back-to-back “E” configuration in plan and a soaring prospect in elevation.</p><br>
<p>The Neoclassical Revival styled building are an example of institutional design reflected in certain features including its "large-scale massing, rectangular multi-unit plan with connecting corridors, central pavilion featuring entry porch with Ionic columns and full entablature, limestone belt coursing and trim, repetitive fenestration, stone cornice, and flat roofs." The former hospital is built up to its east and west property lines with park-like courtyards between the projecting blocks. There is a small parking lot and fenced in park-like lawn sit adjacent to the south of the structure, where the first Mount St. Mary&#39;s Hospital, known as the "House on the Corner," once stood.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>From 1914 until 1965, the building was a functioning hospital. Following the development of the "new" Mount Saint Marys Hospital in Lewiston, New York in 1965, the hospital was closed and sold to Catholic Charities of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Buffalo. From 1966 until 2003, the building was known as St. Marys Manor, and was a 104-bed nursing home. The $1,500,000 1966 renovation was designed by local architect Mortimer J. Murphy Jr. (1915-2003). Since 2003, the building has been vacant.</p><br>
<p>Abi Gamin  is a Himalayan mountain peak mostly situated in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand state in India, northeast of Kamet. Its summit is on the border with Tibet and its northern slope is in the Ngari Prefecture of Tibet.</p><br>
<p>Abi Gamin is located in the central Himalayas and at the culminating point of the Zaskar Range. It is situated on the watershed of the upper Alaknanda and Dhauli rivers between the famous Manna and Niti passes on the Indo-Tibetan border.</p><br>
<p>Abi Gamin is the second highest peak in the immediate region, after Kamet. It is also one of the fifteen seven thousand metre peaks of Uttarakhand, and as such it is a significant peak. However it is not particularly independent, lying as it does close to the higher peak of Kamet, and separated from it by the high saddle known as Meade&#39;s Col, 7,138 m.</p><br>
<p>Abi Gamin was surveyed (along with the rest of the group) by Richard Strachey in 1848; this was the first time that the great heights of these peaks was recognized.</p><br>
<p>In 1855, the Schlagintweit brothers named this range as Western, Central and Eastern Abi Gamin. These correspond to Mukut Parbat, Kamet and Abi Gamin.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>The first attempt to climb Kamet was launched by Adolf and Robert Schlagintweit from the Tibetan side up the NE ridge: they estimated that in August 1855 they reached an altitude of 22,239 or 22,259 ft on Kamet, though they were in fact attempting to climb Abi Gamin.Moritz von Brescius, Friederike Kaiser, Stephanie Kleidt</p><br>
<p>Böhlau, Verlag Köln Weimar, 2015, p. 281 Their attempt resulted in an at the time widely acknowledged altitude record.</p><br>
<p>During the 1874-77 survey by the Survey of India under E. C. Ryall, I. S. Pocock set up a plane table at c.22050&#39; on the West flank of Abi Gamin.</p><br>
<p>Between 1907 and 1913 a number of expeditions attempting Kamet reached high altitudes on the flanks of this mountain. Thomas George Longstaff in 1907 recced the Purbi(East) Kamet approaches, and C.F.Meades team followed the same route in 1913 to reach Meades Col up the East flank of the massif. The attempts by A.M.Slingsby in 1911 and 1913 and C.F.Meade in 1912 were up the West flank from the Pachhmi(West) Kamet glacier. These reached Slingsbys Col(c.21000) between Mukut Parbat and Abi Gamin, but failed to go beyond c.23000&#39;.</p><br>
<p>Abi Gamin was climbed for the first time in 1950 by a small Anglo-Swiss Expedition comprising Alfred Tissierès, R. Dittert, and G. Chevalley (all Swiss), and Englishman Kenneth Berrill. They approached from the north side through Tibet, reached over the Mana Pass. Their NE ridge route was the same route the Schlagintweit&#39;s had tried nearly a century earlier! The summit was reached by the three Swiss members: they may have been accompanied by Sherpa Dawa Thondup.</p><br>
<p>Indian expeditions under Nandu Jayal climbed the peak in 1953 and 1955 by the SW ridge from Meade&#39;s Col, reached up the East flank of the massif from the Purbi Kamet glacier. Later ascents have been up this route.</p><br>
<p>First Youngest- Indian Expedition On 8 June 1988 Abi Gamin was successfully climbed by Govind Joshi, a 17 years old climber. Became the first youngest ever to scale difficult Mt. Abi Gamin who being completely raw in mountaineering field and climbed the peak without using any oxygen aid. This expedition of Ramjas Old Student Adventure Association ( ROSAA ),New Delhi led by C. S. Pandey, went on expedition to Mt. Kamet and Abi Gamin without a trained doctor and tried the bold experiment to stuck only to vegetarian food throughout the expedition and came back successfully.</p><br>
<h2>Neighbouring peaks</h2><br>
<p>Mukut Parbat, Kamet and Mana. All three peaks are linked by a ridge.</p><br>
<h2>Trek</h2><br>
<p>Joshimath (Chamoli)--Markari-Nitti-Sapukaharak-Nand-Kharak-BC-CI-CII-CIII and CIV then summit.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>NE Ridge (by Mana pass and Mang Gang glacier).</p><br>
<p>Purbi Kamet glacier, Meade&#39;s col, South face or SW ridge.</p><br>
<p>North West Ridge.</p><br>
<p>Stargach  is a border mountain, situated between Bulgaria and Greece. It is located east of the Slavyanka Mountain, west of the Beslen hill, south of the Pirin Mountains and north of the Kato Novrokopi valley.</p><br>
<p>With its round outlines, Stargach is a reduced copy of the Slavyanka Mountain. Its highest peak is situated in Greek territory – Stargach or Kulata peak (1,270 m.). The highest peak in Bulgarian territory is Asenov peak (1,218 m.)</p><br>
<p>Stargach is a horst, formed of metamorphic rocks – marble, gneiss and mica. There are also granite and quartz at some places.</p><br>
<p>The flora of Stargach consists of mainly of bushes and low forests: South European flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus), common hazel (Corylus avellana), common juniper (Juniperus communis), lilac (Syringa spp.), etc. At the highest areas of the mountain grow forests of common beech (Fagus sylvatica).</p><br>
<p>Common animal species are wildcat, wild boar, European hare, etc.</p><br>
<p>Nearby villages are Ilinden and Nova Lovcha.</p><br>
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<p>Lago di Viverone  is a lake in northern Italy. Named after the town of Viverone, lies at 230 m AMSL between the districts of Biella, Vercelli and Ivrea in the area of morainic hills known as Serra. It has an area of about 6 km and a maximum depth of 70 m, and a perimeter of about 10.5 km. The lake is 3,500 m long and 2,600 m wide. The southern and western parts of the lake are rich in vegetation while the north part is built-up and includes hotels, camping sites and beaches.</p><br>
<p>Ducks, mallard, coots, grebes and gulls form the major part of the fauna; angling is a popular activity with catches including common whitefish, perch, tench, pike and catfish.</p><br>
<p>Viverone is a centre for day trips and the lakeside communities of Lido, Masseria, Comuna and Anzasco have recently been connected by a boat service.</p><br>
<p>The lake is also an important archaeological site: villages made up of stilt houses were present here in the Bronze Age (1300–900 BCE).</p><br>
<p>Armsmear , also known as the Samuel Colt Home, is a historic house located at 80 Wethersfield Avenue in Hartford, Connecticut. It was the family home of firearm manufacturer Samuel Colt. Armsmear was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1976; this designation was expanded in 2008 to form the Coltsville Historic District, a National Historic Landmark District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Armsmear was planned for Colt&#39;s 1856 marriage to Elizabeth Hart Jarvis, and constructed in 1856 to designs by an unknown architect, possibly local architect Octavius Jordan or factory engineer H. A. G. Pomery, on grounds overlooking the recently completed Colt Armory. It was described by a contemporary thus: "an Italian villa in stone, massive, noble, refined, yet not carrying out any decided principle of architecture, it is like its originator, bold and unusual in its combinations." It features a low-pitched roof, heavy bracketed cornice, round-arched doors and windows, iron balconies, Italianate tower and details, and Turkish domes and pinnacles.</p><br>
<p>The Colts occupied Armsmear in 1857 and promptly began to develop its gardens. Landscape architects Cleveland and Copeland provided the plans. Unusual, glass-domed conservatories, inspired by London&#39;s Crystal Palace, were added in 1861-1862. Ultimately the estate contained some 2,600 ft of greenhouses, as well as ponds, fountains, and a deer park.</p><br>
<p>The house and manicured grounds were the primary residence of Samuel Colt and his family. Samuel Colt lived in Armsmear for approximately 5 years from 1857 until his death in 1862. The Colonel was buried on the grounds of Armsmear near the graves of Sam and Elizabeths young children, amidst a copse of weeping willows known as the Grove of Graves. Following her husbands death, Elizabeth Hart Colt and her son Caldwell Hart Colt lived together in the large home for several decades. The Colts entertained lavishly at the estate, holding large parties that were the highlight of the Hartford society season.</p><br>
<p>After Elizabeth Colt died in 1905, the house was converted to a home for Episcopal women (in 1911) under the terms of her will. The residential community to this day is administrated by the Colt Trust. She also gave 140 acre of Armsmears grounds to create Hartfords Colt Park. The city has subsequently replaced the greenhouse, garden, and ponds with ball fields and a skating rink.</p><br>
<p>Tibradden Mountain is a mountain in County Dublin in Ireland. Other former names for the mountain include "Garrycastle" and "Kilmainham Begg" . The geological composition is mainly granite and the southern slopes are strewn with granite boulders. The summit area is a habitat for heather, furze, gorse and bilberry as well as Sika deer, foxes and badgers. The forestry plantation on the slopes – known as the Pine Forest – contains Scots pine, Japanese larch, European larch, Sitka spruce, oak and beech. The mountain is also a site of archaeological interest with a prehistoric burial site close to the summit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Prehistoric monuments</h3><br>
<p>Close to the summit is a prehistoric burial site. Local tradition associates it, incorrectly, with Niall Glúndub. It was excavated in 1849 by members of the Royal Irish Academy who found a stone-lined cist containing a pottery vessel and cremated remains, now preserved by the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. In its present form, the site consists of an open circular chamber</p><br>
<p>10 ft in diameter with a narrow passage. For many years, it was believed that this monument was a passage grave and the author Robert Graves refers to it as such in his poetic mythological work The White Goddess (1948). However, conservation work done at the site in 1956 revealed that the chamber and passage were not original features but had probably been created at the time of the original excavation in the nineteenth century. A stone bench was also found in the centre, apparently built for the convenience of visitors to the site. It is now accepted that the monument is in fact a chambered cairn with a cist burial at the centre. The site may be the burial place of Bródáin, after whom the mountain is named. The monument is not at the summit of the mountain but is located slightly to the north at a position where the view across Dublin Bay to Howth is not obscured by Two Rock. Within the chamber itself lies a stone with a spiral pattern. It became a national monument in 1940.</p><br>
<h3>Other sites of historical interest</h3><br>
<p>The antiquarian Weston St. John Joyce described a carving of a cross and a crowned figure with upraised arms on one of the rocks to the south of the summit. This feature was also documented and photographed by the archaeologist Patrick Healy. Although the cross is in an early Christian style, Joyce and Healy both surmised it and the figure to have been carved at some time in the nineteenth century. The carvings do not appear to have survived to the present day.</p><br>
<p>On the southern slopes, along the R116 road is a stone with the inscription, “OConnells Rock, 23 July 1823”. Daniel O&#39;Connell gave an address to the local populace from this rock as they celebrated Garland Sunday that year.</p><br>
<h2>Access and recreation</h2><br>
<p>Access to the mountain is possible via the Pine Forest, a Coillte-owned forest recreation area on the slopes of the mountain which is managed by the Dublin Mountains Partnership. Tibradden is also traversed by the Dublin Mountains Way hiking trail that runs between Shankill and Tallaght while the Wicklow Way hiking trail runs to the southeast of the summit. The first part of the Dublin Mountains Way to be completed was the section linking Tibradden, Kilmashogue and Cruagh forests and a dedication plaque marking its opening on 19 June 2009 by Mr Éamon Ó Cuív, T. D., Minister for Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs can be found along the route of the Way in the Pine Forest.</p><br>
<p>There is another dedication plaque in the Pine Forest, near the car park, marking the inauguration of the Dublin Mountains Partnership on 24 October 2008 by Mr Eamon Ryan, T. D., Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources.</p><br>
<p>The Watertown Arsenal was a major American arsenal located on the northern shore of the Charles River in Watertown, Massachusetts. The site is now registered on the ASCEs List of Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks and on the USAs National Register of Historic Places, and it is home to a park, restaurants, mixed use office space, and currently serves as the national headquarters for athenahealth.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The arsenal was established in 1816, on 40 acre of land, by the United States Army for the receipt, storage, and issuance of ordnance. In this role, it replaced the earlier Charlestown Arsenal. The arsenal&#39;s earliest plan incorporated 12 buildings aligned along a north-south axis overlooking the river. Alexander Parris, later designer of Quincy Market, was architect. Buildings included a military store and arsenal, as well as shops and housing for officers and men. All were made of brick with slate roofs in the Federal style, and a high wall enclosed the compound. By 1819 all buildings were completed and occupied.</p><br>
<p>The arsenals site, duties, and buildings grew gradually until the American Civil War, enlarging beyond the original quadrangle. During the war it greatly expanded to produce field and coastal gun carriages, and the wars impetus led to the quick construction of a large machine shop and smith shop built as contemporary factories, as well as a number of smaller buildings.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, a new commanders quarters was commissioned by then-Capt. Thomas J. Rodman, inventor of the Rodman gun. The lavish, 12,700 ft&sup2, quarters would ultimately become one of the largest commanders quarters on any USA military installation. This mansion is now on the National Register of Historic Places. The expense ($63,478.65) was considered wasteful and excessive and drew a stern rebuke from Congress, who then promoted Rodman to Brigadier General and sent him to command Rock Island Arsenal on the frontier in Illinois, where he built an even larger commander&#39;s quarters.</p><br>
<p>Activities and new construction at the Watertown Arsenal continued to gradually expand until the early 1890s.</p><br>
<p>Activities changed decisively in 1892 when Congress authorized modernization to gun carriage manufacturing. At this point the arsenal became a manufacturing complex rather than storage depot. A number of major buildings were constructed, which over time began to reflect typical industrial facilities rather than the earlier arsenal styles. In 1897 an additional 44 acre were purchased, and a hospital built.</p><br>
<p>Scientific management was implemented at the arsenal between 1908 and 1915. It was considered by the War Department as successful in saving money over the alternatives; but it was so hated by the work force that the Congress eventually overturned its use.</p><br>
<p>During World War I the arsenal nearly tripled in size. Building #311 was then reported to be one of the largest steel-frame structures in the United States, sized to accommodate both very large gun carriages and the equipment used to construct them. Railroad tracks ran throughout the arsenal complex. World War II brought an additional 7 acre with existing industrial buildings, as the arsenal produced steel artillery pieces. In 1959–1960, the Horace Hardy Lester Reactor was constructed on site, for material research programs, and operated there until 1970.</p><br>
<p>In 1968 the Army ceased operations at the arsenal; 45 acre were sold to the Watertown Redevelopment Authority, while the remaining 48 acre were converted to the United States Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center (AMMRC), renamed the United States Army Materials Technology Laboratory (MTL) in 1985. In 1995 all Army activity ceased and the remainder of the site was converted to civilian use.</p><br>
<p>The Armory site was formerly included on US EPA&#39;s National Priorities List of highly contaminated sites, more widely known as Superfund. The site was removed from the NPL in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Noah Webster House is a historic house museum located at 227 South Main Street, West Hartford, Connecticut. It was the home of American lexicographer Noah Webster , and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The main portion of the Webster House is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, three bays wide, with a large central chimney and center entrance. It was probably built sometime in the first half of the 18th century, as part of a 120 acre farm, and is a typical frame residence of that era. A single-story brick addition was added to the house at an early date, probably to house a kitchen, and a wood frame ell was also eventually added to the rear. A modern museum addition, roughly in the shape of a barn, was added in the 1970s after the property was rehabilitated and prepared for use as a museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1758 the house was the birthplace of Noah Webster. His father mortgaged the farm, including this farmhouse, for Noah to attend Yale College. Webster returned to the house after graduation, and was engaged as a teacher at local schools. His interest in lexicography prompted a series of publications, beginning with a spelling book in 1783 and culminating in the publication in 1828 of his Dictionary of the American Language, which sold millions of copies during his lifetime, and laid down basic principles for dictionaries and spelling books that are still used today.</p><br>
<p>The house was continuously occupied as a private residence until 1962, when it was given to the town. In 1966 it opened as a museum. It currently contains several items with Webster associations, including early editions of the Dictionary of the American Language and Blue-backed Spellers, as well as china, glassware, a desk, and two clocks that Webster owned as an adult.</p><br>
<p>The house also serves as the headquarters of the West Hartford Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth Park is a city park located in Hartford and West Hartford, Connecticut. It is covers 102 acre and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The site was previously owned by financier Charles M. Pond of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad and Hartford National Bank, and a treasurer of Connecticut (1870–71). In 1894 he bequeathed his estate to the City of Hartford with the stipulation that it be named for his deceased wife, Elizabeth. The city took possession in 1897 and engaged the famed Olmsted and Son for landscaping.</p><br>
<p>In 1904 the park&#39;s first superintendent, Theodore Wirth, created its renowned Rose Garden (2.5 acre). In the 1970s the city decided it could no longer afford the garden, and in fact determined to plow it under; however volunteers banded together and came to the rescue. It is the oldest municipal rose garden in the United States, and currently contains about 15,000 bushes of 800 rose varieties.</p><br>
<p>In 1977 volunteers banded together with Vic Jarm (Park Superintendent at the time) to form the Friends of Elizabeth Park and save the Rose Garden. Their first mission was to raise $10,000 to replace many of the rose bushes that died from lack of care. Since then the Friends of Elizabeth Park have assisted the City of Hartford in maintaining the Rose Garden as well as the other horticultural gardens in the park and have raised funds for the restoration of the historic greenhouses and the Elizabeth Pond Memorial in 1997, also known as the Pond House Cafe. Most of the financial support for the park through the efforts of the FEP comes from individuals, the Ethel Donaghue Trust and the Hartford Foundation for Public Giving.</p><br>
<p>Today the park encompasses many garden areas, pathways, century-old Lord and Burnham greenhouses, lawns, bowling greens, tennis courts, a picnic grove, and a scenic pond. The border between Hartford and West Hartford has moved since the park was established, with the odd result that one of Hartford&#39;s largest parks is now located primarily within the Town of West Hartford.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Ossabaw Island is one of the Sea Islands located on the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of the USA state of Georgia approximately twenty miles by water south from the historic downtown of the city of Savannah. One of the largest of Georgia&#39;s barrier islands, Ossabaw contains 9,000 acre of wooded uplands with freshwater ponds and 16,000 acre of marshlands interlaced with tidal creeks. Located between Wassaw Island and the Ogeechee River on the north and St. Catherines Island on the south, the island is not linked to the mainland by bridge or causeway. At 26,000 acre, it is the third-largest barrier island off the coast of Georgia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Evidence of human presence extends for at least 4,000 years based on pottery shards unearthed from the island&#39;s numerous oyster shell middens. It was inhabited by the Guale Indians at the time of the Spanish exploration of the Georgia coast in the early 16th century. Throughout the Spanish mission period the Guale alternately supplied and fought with the Spanish. When English occupation of the area replaced the Spanish in the 1730s, the Guale had moved inland possibly in response to disease and coastal marauding under the Spanish. The earliest English treaties reserved the island as hunting and fishing grounds for the Creek Indians.</p><br>
<p>In 1758 a group of Creek leaders was persuaded to convey the island to King George II of England. In 1760 the island passed into private ownership and was farmed and timbered with slave labor and was eventually divided into four plantations. After the American Civil War the island was farmed on a small scale by several owners and tenant farmers until the early 20th century. In 1907 Savannah native, Henry D. Weed, purchased over 9000 acres of the island, and by 1916 Weed was the island&#39;s sole owner. After 1916 it was used as a hunting retreat while owned by a group of wealthy businessman until it was purchased in 1924 by Dr. Henry Norton Torrey of Detroit, Michigan and his wife Nell Ford Torrey daughter of Emery L Ford and Ella Neat of Indiana.</p><br>
<p>In 1961 The Ossabaw Foundation created by Eleanor Torrey West and Clifford B. West launched the Ossabaw Island Project as an artistic and scholarly retreat. Over the years the island&#39;s solitude and natural beauty served as the setting for such luminaries as: composers Aaron Copland, Samuel Barber; writers Ralph Ellison, Annie Dillard, Olive Ann Burns, and Margaret Atwood; sculptor Harry Bertoia; and scientist Eugene Odum among many others. The Ossabaw Foundation was also host to The Genesis Project, scientific research and public use and education programs on the island.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, no longer able to subsidize the artistic, educational, and scientific activity on the island, and eschewing lucrative offers of resort development, Mrs. West and her brother&#39;s children chose to sell the island to the State of Georgia as a Heritage Preserve with the understanding that Ossabaw would "be used for natural, scientific and cultural study, research and education, and environmentally sound preservation, conservation and management of the Island’s ecosystem.”</p><br>
<h2>Ossabaw today</h2><br>
<p>Currently Ossabaw is managed by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR), which has entered into a Use Agreement with The Ossabaw Island Foundation, a Savannah-based non-profit organization which regulates access and use of historic areas. The foundation works cooperatively with the State of Georgia&#39;s DNR to manage access to Ossabaw for public educational programs.</p><br>
<p>The Ossabaw Island Foundation, a public charity established in 1994, defines its mission as "...in a public-private partnership with the State of Georgia, inspires, promotes, and manages exceptional educational, cultural, and scientific programs that are designed to maximize the experience of Ossabaw Island, while minimizing the impact on its resources." The general public must apply to visit. The Foundation follows the guidelines established by Mrs. West and embodied in the Heritage Preserve of 1978: The island is open to groups engaged in study, research and education. Those groups include young people, adult interest groups, colleges and universities, teachers, artists and researchers. Some examples of the research that occurs on in the island involves nesting of loggerhead sea turtles, monitoring migratory bird patterns, investigating tooth wear of deer fawns and genetic studies on feral Sicilian donkeys.</p><br>
<p>Ossabaw Island Comprehensive Management Plan says the hogs and donkeys are to be removed. Presumably, the way the document is written, the feral horses will also be removed. Ossabawisland.org states "all remaining donkeys have been sterilized to prevent future generations."</p><br>
<p>The Pettengill–Morron House, or Morron House, is a house located in the American city of Peoria, Illinois. The 1868 mansion was originally built for Moses Pettengill, a hardware store owner who came to Peoria from New Hampshire in 1833. When Pettengill arrived in Peoria there were 150 people, 30 log cabins and three frame houses.</p><br>
<p>The original house on the site, an 1862 construction, was destroyed by fire in 1865. The current building was constructed in 1868 in the Second Empire style, and a colonial revival porch and porte-cochere were added in 1900. Its original address was 464 Moss Avenue before Peoria&#39;s address renumbering in the 1950s. The last resident was Miss Jean Morron, who lived there from 1953 until she died in 1966; the Peoria Historical Society acquired the house in 1967.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on April 2, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Peoria Historical Society operates this house and the Judge Flanagan Residence as historic house museums.</p><br>
<p>The Central Oregon Coast Range is the middle section of the Oregon Coast Range, in the Pacific Coast Ranges physiographic region, and located in the west-central portion of the state of Oregon, United States roughly between the Salmon River and the Umpqua River and the Willamette Valley and the Pacific Ocean. This approximately 90 mi long mountain range contains mountains as high as 4,097 feet  for Marys Peak.</p><br>
<p>Portions of the range are inside the Siuslaw National Forest and three wilderness areas exist as well: Drift Creek Wilderness, Cummins Creek Wilderness and Rock Creek Wilderness.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The underlying rock of the Central Coast Range are the igneous rocks from the Siletz River Volcanics of the Paleocene age. It is estimated that this rock formation is up to 16 mi thick. Currently it is part of a large forearc basin that extends for much of the entire Coast Range on a north-south alignment. Much of the landscape is dominated by steep slopes and drainages that are deeply cut into the hillsides from the erosion. Unlike many areas in North America, the mountain range did not see glaciations during the Pleistocene age.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The Oregon Coast Range is home to over 50 mammals, 100 species of birds, and nearly 30 reptiles or amphibians that spent a significant portion of their life cycle in the mountains.</p><br>
<p>Birds living in the Central Coast Range include a variety of smaller and larger bird species.</p><br>
<p>These include winter wrens, chestnut-backed chickadees, red-breasted nuthatches, varied thrushes, several swallow species, red crossbills, evening grosbeaks, brown creepers, olive-sided flycatchers, Hammond&#39;s flycatchers, gray jays, western wood-pewees, and western tanagers. These birds build nests from six to nine inches (229 mm) in diameter out of moss.</p><br>
<p>The central coast range is also home to some larger animals such as deer, elk, bobcat, and bear. Bear are black bear while deer are mule and black-tailed deer species. Some additional mammals are mountain beaver, coyote, mink, river otter, mountain lion, the common raccoon, common porcupine, brush rabbit, and skunk.</p><br>
<p>The coast range is inhabited by eleven different species of bats, and they account for nearly 20% of all the mammal species in the range. Species of bats include the Yuma myotis, silver-haired bat, big brown bat, hoary bat, and the long-eared myotis.</p><br>
<p>Amphibians include, but are not limited to, rough-skinned newts, northwestern salamanders, western red-backed salamander, Coastal tailed frog, Coastal giant salamander, red-legged frog, southern torrent salamander, and Ensatina. Additional species include northwestern garter snake, northern alligator lizard, Pacific tree frog, western pond turtles, gopher snake, ringneck snake, and western fence lizards. Fish species in the Central Coast Range include chinook salmon, steelhead, cutthroat trout, and the threatened species coho salmon.</p><br>
<p>A large section of the range is covered by the Siuslaw National Forest. Most of the range is forested and mainly within the western hemlock vegetation zone with the overstory of the forest dominated by red alder, western hemlock, western cedar, bigleaf maple, and Douglas-fir trees. The understory of the forest areas contain vine maple, Oregon grape, salmonberry, huckleberry, and sword fern to name a few. Additionally, various grass, sedge, and moss species are some of the other plant life growing in the mountain range.</p><br>
<p>Arthropods include various spiders, millipedes, collembolans, beetles, and a variety of centipedes.</p><br>
<h2>Location and climate</h2><br>
<p>The range begins around the Salmon River with the Northern Oregon Coast Range to the north. Oregon Route 18 is the general divide between the two sections. On the southern end the Umpqua River and Oregon Route 38 provide the general dividing line between the Central and Southern Oregon Coast Range.</p><br>
<p>The climate of the mountains is of the mild maritime variety. It is characterized by cool dry summers followed by mild and wet winters. Most precipitation falls in the form of rain, with snow during the winter months at the higher elevations. Annual precipitation varies from 60 to 120 inches (150–300 cm), with more in the higher elevations. The average high temperature in January is 36.3 °F (2.4 °C), and the average high in July is 61.9 °F (16.6 °C) with temperature also varying by elevation.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>All peaks in the range over 3,000 ft in elevation.</p><br>
<h2>Rivers</h2><br>
<p>The following rivers have portions of their headwaters in the Central Oregon Coast Range:</p><br>
<p>Drains to Willamette River:</p><br>
<p>Long Tom River</p><br>
<p>Luckiamute River</p><br>
<p>Marys River</p><br>
<p>Drains to Pacific Ocean:</p><br>
<p>Alsea River</p><br>
<p>D River</p><br>
<p>Little Nestucca River</p><br>
<p>Salmon River</p><br>
<p>Siletz River</p><br>
<p>Siltcoos River</p><br>
<p>Siuslaw River</p><br>
<p>Smith River</p><br>
<p>Umpqua River</p><br>
<p>Yachats River</p><br>
<p>Yaquina River</p><br>
<p>The William Westerfeld House sits across the street from the northwest corner of Alamo Square at 1198 Fulton Street  in San Francisco. Constructed in 1889 at a cost of $9,985, the home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is San Francisco Landmark Number 135.</p><br>
<p>William Westerfeld, a German-born confectioner, arrived in San Francisco in the 1870s. By the 1880s, he had established a chain of bakeries. He hired builder Henry Geilfuss to design for his family of six a 28-room mansion with an adjoining rose garden and carriage house.</p><br>
<p>When Westerfeld died in 1895, the home was sold to John Mahony, of Mahony Brothers, noted for building the St. Francis Hotel and the Palace Hotel after the 1906 earthquake. Mahony replaced the rose garden with flats to meet the city&#39;s dire need for housing.</p><br>
<h2>William Westerfeld House timeline</h2><br>
<p>1928 – A group of Czarist Russians bought the home. They turned the ground-floor ballroom into a nightclub called Dark Eyes and used the upper floors for meeting rooms. The house became known informally as the "Russian Embassy".</p><br>
<p>1948 – The home was converted into a 14-unit apartment building. For most of the next two decades, the units were rented to African-American musicians who played in the neighborhood jazz clubs. John Handy was one of many to call the Westerfeld House his home.</p><br>
<p>1965 – Charles Fracchia purchased the building to use as a residence but never occupied it. The house was mentioned in the book The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. The Calliope Company, a fifty-member collective, moved in.</p><br>
<p>1967 – Underground filmmaker Kenneth Anger took up residence. Anger filmed Invocation of My Demon Brother starring Manson family member Bobby Beausoleil, Church of Satan founder Anton LaVey, and featuring music by Mick Jagger.</p><br>
<p>1968 – Members of the Family Dog occupied the house while promoting acid rock concerts at the Avalon Ballroom. Members of the Grateful Dead and Big Brother and the Holding Company were frequent visitors.</p><br>
<p>1970s – The first attempts to rehabilitate the building began. Two men purchased the home for $45,000 in 1969. They remodeled the fourth floor servants&#39; quarters beyond recognition. The house was left standing despite an urban renewal project, which claimed 6,000 Victorian-era buildings over a 60-block area in the Western Addition.</p><br>
<p>1986 – Jim Siegel purchased the home and has since retrofitted the foundation, removed the dropped ceilings, re-wired, re-roofed, and re-plumbed, and restored the interior and exterior woodwork and the historic, ground-floor ballroom, and decorated the 25-foot ceiling with period wallpaper crafted by Bradbury & Bradbury.</p><br>
<p>The Tönsberg is a hill ridge in the Teutoburg Forest that reaches a height of and lies in the district of Lippe near Oerlinghausen. Hermann&#39;s Way runs over the Tönsberg for about 3.5 km.</p><br>
<h2>Points of interest</h2><br>
<p>Along Hermann&#39;s Way on the crest of the Tönsberg are several points of interest:</p><br>
<h3>Hünenkapelle</h3><br>
<p>To the east of the long ridge of the Tönsberg are the ruins of a pre-historic hillfort (Sachsenlager) and a chapel known as the Hünenkapelle. The fortification was probably used until the 9th century as a defensive site and refuge. The chapel would have been built in the time when Christianity reached the Saxons under Frankish rule. The name "Tönsberg" could go back to Holy Anthony, in whose honour the first Christian chapel could have been dedicated.</p><br>
<h3>Löns Monument</h3><br>
<p>In 1898 the writer, Hermann Löns, walked over Tönsberg; his impressions are recorded in his narrative, Frau Einsamkeit ("Lady Loneliness"), which appeared in 1911 in the volume Da draußen vor dem Tore. Heimatliche Naturbilder. Dort Thirty years later a monument to him was erected on the Tönsberg and unveiled on 9 September 1928.</p><br>
<h3>War memorial</h3><br>
<p>In 1930 a war memorial was unveiled to remember the fallen from the First World War; over 5,000 people climbed the Tönsberg for the opening ceremony. It was created by the sculptor, Berthold Müller-Oerlinghausen; a soldier lies on a sarcophagus framed by columns.</p><br>
<p>In the Second World War a British aeroplane crashed in the vicinity of the memorial in February 1945 killing two airmen. The memorial was lightly damaged.</p><br>
<h3>Kumsttonne</h3><br>
<p>On the Tönsberg is the ruin of an old windmill dating to 1753. The cylindrical base of the windmill is known as the Kumsttonne ("Sauerkraut barrel") and is an emblem of the town of Oerlinghausen on the north slopes of the Tönsberg.</p><br>
<h2>Coat of arms</h2><br>
<p>The Tönsberg appears, in stylised form on the coat of arms for the town of Oerlinghausen; it is the middle one of three hills depicted.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Andreas Rahns: Der Tönsberg bei Oerlinghausen. Lippische Kulturlandschaften, Heft 7. 2007.</p><br>
<p>Cordelia Lutheran Church was dedicated by Pastor Peter Carlson on December 15, 1883 and is the oldest Lutheran building in the state of Idaho. The church was built on property given by Andrew Olson in the Lenville, Idaho area to serve the Swedish Lutheran families in the area. In 1920, the building ceased to be used for regular church services. The building and surrounding 31 acre is currently owned by Emmanuel Lutheran Church in Moscow, Idaho and administered by a non-profit group named Friends of Cordelia. The building is used for picnics, socials and Easter Sunrise service by area residents.</p><br>
<p>In 1948 money was made available by the daughter of Andrew Olson to restore the building. The structure has undergone several additional major renovations, most recently in 1996 and 2001. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The site is located south of the junction of the Genesee-Troy Road and Danielson Road to the southeast of Moscow, Idaho in Latah County. There is a small cemetery behind the church.</p><br>
<p>Palandöken Mountain  is a 3,271 m high tectonic mountain in Erzurum Province, Turkey. The summit is at a distance of only 10 km from Erzurum city center, which itself extends at an elevation of 1,950 m.</p><br>
<h2>Skiing</h2><br>
<p>On the road from Erzurum to the summit, the Palandöken ski resort is located at the mountain village called Başköy, 2,100 m high, and the distance between the station and the city is 4 km.</p><br>
<p>The ski trail is the longest in Turkey. Because of the quality of the snow (a fine-grained light powder), steepness of the slopes and the length of the trail, Palandoken is known as the best mountain in Turkey for skilled skiers. The toughest run is on the backside of the mountain, known as the Ejder (Turkish for "Dragon") trail. Due to fog and risk of avalanche, the Ejder lifts and trails are sometimes closed. The skiing season may begin in November and last as long as until June. In 2008-2010 more lifts have been opened, now there are 8 in all, and the trails have been improved.</p><br>
<p>There are four hotels on the mountain: Polat Renaissance hotel, Dedeman hotel, Dedeman Ski Lodge, Palan Hotel and Xanadu Snow White. Because of the center&#39;s close proximity to Erzurum, visitors can also stay in hotels in Erzurum, where the range of hotel standards is wider.</p><br>
<p>A new ski resort has been constructed at the mountain village Konaklı, about 18 km from the city.</p><br>
<h2>2011 Winter Universiade</h2><br>
<p>In 2011, Erzurum hosted the 25th Winter Universiade. The alpine skiing competition took place at the newly constructed Konaklı Ski Resort, while the freestyle skiing and snowboarding competitions was held at the Palandöken Ski Resort.</p><br>
